Multi-instrument, multi-wavelength study of high energy sources with the Virtual Observatory#
François Bonnarel¹, Caroline Bot¹, Françoise Genova¹, René Goosmann¹, Manon Marchand¹, Ada Nebot¹.
Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Observatoire Astronomique de Strasbourg, UMR 7550, F-67000, Strasbourg, France
This Notebook is based on the Euro-VO “Multi-instrument, multi-wavelength study of high energy sources with the Virtual Observatory” tutorial http://www.euro-vo.org/sites/default/files/documents/tutorial-highenergy_2016Nov.pdf.
Developed by Caroline Bot, François Bonnarel, René Goosmann and Françoise Genova. Adapted to a Jupyter Notebook by Ada Nebot.
Introduction#
This tutorial demonstrates how to use several standard tools of the Virtual Observatory (VO) for data mining and multiple waveband data analysis. The step-by-step application below focuses on applications in the gamma-ray and high energy domain, but also involves observational data from other wavebands. The user may explore how to:
query astronomical catalogues in the gamma-ray and high energy spectral band using VO tools
cross-correlate catalogues to find an object at different photon energy bands
apply selection criteria when extracting sources from a catalogue
use the observational measures of the selected objects to explore possible correlations
visualize astronomical images from the radio up to the high energy domain
display spectral energy distributions obtained from different photometric data sets
Schematic view of the scientific rationale of the tutorial:
# Standard Library
import pickle
from pathlib import Path
# Astronomy tools
from astropy import units as u
from astropy.coordinates import SkyCoord
from astropy.table import hstack, join, unique, vstack
# Access astronomical databases
from astroquery.simbad import Simbad
from astroquery.vizier import Vizier
# Sky visualization
from ipyaladin import Aladin
# For plots
import plotly.express as px
Step #1 - Obtaining all HESS sources from SIMBAD#
How to obtain a catalogue of all published HESS sources from the astronomical database SIMBAD.
The High Energy Stereoscopic System (HESS) is a Cherenkov telescope array detecting cosmic gamma-rays in the GeV—TeV range. Sources detected by HESS include supernova remnants (SNR), wind nebulae pulsars, active galactic nuclei (AGN) and others. The number of detected sources steadily grows and makes it possible to study certain sub-samples of the HESS catalogue. In the following, the HESS sources should be investigated with respect to their gamma-ray properties obtained from the second Fermi-LAT catalogue.
# Check which are the default fields
Simbad.get_votable_fields()
['main_id', 'coordinates']
# Check the available fields in a Simbad astroquery
Simbad.list_votable_fields()
--NOTES--
1. The parameter filtername must correspond to an existing filter. Filters include: B,V,R,I,J,K. They are checked by SIMBAD but not astroquery.simbad
2. Fields beginning with rvz display the data as it is in the database. Fields beginning with rv force the display as a radial velocity. Fields beginning with z force the display as a redshift
3. For each measurement catalog, the VOTable contains all fields of the first measurement. When applicable, the first measurement is the mean one.
Available VOTABLE fields:
bibcodelist(y1-y2)
biblio
cel
cl.g
coo(opt)
coo_bibcode
coo_err_angle
coo_err_maja
coo_err_mina
coo_qual
coo_wavelength
coordinates
dec(opt)
dec_prec
diameter
dim
dim_angle
dim_bibcode
dim_incl
dim_majaxis
dim_minaxis
dim_qual
dim_wavelength
dimensions
distance
distance_result
einstein
fe_h
flux(filtername)
flux_bibcode(filtername)
flux_error(filtername)
flux_name(filtername)
flux_qual(filtername)
flux_system(filtername)
flux_unit(filtername)
fluxdata(filtername)
gcrv
gen
gj
hbet
hbet1
hgam
id(opt)
ids
iras
irc
iso
iue
jp11
link_bibcode
main_id
measurements
membership
mesplx
mespm
mk
morphtype
mt
mt_bibcode
mt_qual
otype
otype(opt)
otypes
parallax
plx
plx_bibcode
plx_error
plx_prec
plx_qual
pm
pm_bibcode
pm_err_angle
pm_err_maja
pm_err_mina
pm_qual
pmdec
pmdec_prec
pmra
pmra_prec
pos
posa
propermotions
ra(opt)
ra_prec
rot
rv_value
rvz_bibcode
rvz_error
rvz_qual
rvz_radvel
rvz_type
rvz_wavelength
sao
sp
sp_bibcode
sp_nature
sp_qual
sptype
td1
typed_id
ubv
uvby
uvby1
v*
velocity
xmm
z_value
For more information on a field:
Simbad.get_field_description ('field_name')
Currently active VOTABLE fields:
['main_id', 'coordinates']
# Get more information about the field coordinatse
Simbad.get_field_description("otype")
standard name of the object type
To check all available object types in Simbad go to http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-display?data=otypes
# Add the field otype and check that it is now included
Simbad.add_votable_fields("otype")
# Add new columns with the RA and Dec in degrees
# (default cols are h:m:s and d:m:s respectively)
Simbad.add_votable_fields("ra(d)")
Simbad.add_votable_fields("dec(d)")
Simbad.get_votable_fields()
['main_id', 'coordinates', 'otype', 'ra(d)', 'dec(d)']
# Query Simbad by catalog containing the keyword 'hess'
# and display the result in pretty notebook format
hess_simbad = Simbad.query_catalog("hess")
hess_simbad
Table length=113
| MAIN_ID | RA | DEC | RA_PREC | DEC_PREC | COO_ERR_MAJA | COO_ERR_MINA | COO_ERR_ANGLE | COO_QUAL | COO_WAVELENGTH | COO_BIBCODE | OTYPE | RA_d | DEC_d | SCRIPT_NUMBER_ID |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| "h:m:s" | "d:m:s" | mas | mas | deg | deg | deg | ||||||||
| object | str13 | str13 | int16 | int16 | float32 | float32 | int16 | str1 | str1 | object | object | float64 | float64 | int32 |
| HESS J0232+202 | 02 32 53.2 | +20 16 21 | 5 | 5 | -- | -- | 0 | D | 2007A&A...475L...9A | gamma | 38.22170000 | 20.27250000 | 1 | |
| HESS J0534+220 | 05 34 | +22.0 | 2 | 2 | -- | -- | 0 | E | 2008ApJ...682L..41H | gamma | 83.50000000 | 22.00000000 | 1 | |
| 4FGL J0535.2-6736 | 05 36 00.01 | -67 35 07.5 | 6 | 6 | -- | -- | 0 | D | X | 2012ApJ...759..123S | HighMassXBin | 84.00004000 | -67.58542000 | 1 |
| HD 259440 | 06 32 59.2566 | +05 48 01.160 | 14 | 14 | 0.018 | 0.016 | 90 | A | O | 2020yCat.1350....0G | HighMassXBin | 98.24690253 | 5.80032243 | 1 |
| NAME MONOCEROS NEB | 06 38 43 | +06 30.2 | 4 | 4 | 31000.000 | 18000.000 | 94 | E | 1988IRASP.C......0J | SNRemnant | 99.67900000 | 6.50300000 | 1 | |
| NAME Vela X | 08 33 08.880 | -45 11 24.36 | 7 | 7 | -- | -- | 0 | D | 2015ApJS..217....2M | Pulsar | 128.28700000 | -45.19010000 | 1 | |
| NAME Vela Jr SN | 08 52.0 | -46 20 | 3 | 3 | -- | -- | 0 | E | R | 2009BASI...37...45G | SNRemnant | 133.00000000 | -46.33000000 | 1 |
| 1FGL J1018.6-5856 | 10 18 55.5875 | -58 56 45.975 | 14 | 14 | 0.009 | 0.009 | 90 | A | O | 2020yCat.1350....0G | HighMassXBin | 154.73161488 | -58.94610424 | 1 |
| PSR J1016-58 | 10 16 21.266 | -58 57 11.70 | 7 | 7 | 1213.000 | 710.000 | 90 | D | R | 2015ApJ...814..128K | Pulsar | 154.08860800 | -58.95325000 | 1 |
| FGES J1023.3-5747 | 10 23 15.1831 | -57 46 34.784 | 9 | 9 | -- | -- | 0 | E | G | 2018A&A...612A...1H | gamma | 155.81326306 | -57.77632889 | 1 |
| PSR J1028-5819 | 10 28 27.888 | -58 19 06.14 | 7 | 7 | 53.000 | 30.000 | 90 | B | R | 2015ApJ...814..128K | Pulsar | 157.11620000 | -58.31837200 | 1 |
| Mrk 421 | 11 04 27.3140 | +38 12 31.798 | 14 | 14 | 0.012 | 0.015 | 90 | A | O | 2020yCat.1350....0G | BLLac | 166.11380868 | 38.20883292 | 1 |
| PSR J1119-6127 | 11 19 14.30 | -61 27 49.5 | 6 | 6 | -- | -- | 0 | D | 2000ApJ...541..367C | Pulsar | 169.80958000 | -61.46375000 | 1 | |
| CPD-63 2495 | 13 02 47.6544 | -63 50 08.626 | 14 | 14 | 0.009 | 0.010 | 90 | A | O | 2020yCat.1350....0G | HighMassXBin | 195.69856001 | -63.83572971 | 1 |
| PSR J1301-6305 | 13 02 47.9992 | -63 10 48.001 | 11 | 11 | -- | -- | 0 | D | 2022ApJS..260...53A | Pulsar | 195.69999695 | -63.18000031 | 1 | |
| PSR J1357-6429 | 13 57 02.525 | -64 29 29.89 | 7 | 7 | -- | -- | 0 | C | R | 2015MNRAS.452.3273K | Pulsar | 209.26052100 | -64.49163600 | 1 |
| HESS J1357-645 | 13 57 00.0 | -64 30 00 | 5 | 5 | -- | -- | 0 | D | gamma | 209.25000000 | -64.50000000 | 1 | ||
| PSR J1418-6058 | 14 18 42.725 | -60 58 01.89 | 7 | 7 | 1749.000 | 1270.000 | 90 | D | R | 2015ApJ...814..128K | Pulsar | 214.67802100 | -60.96719200 | 1 |
| PSR J1420-6048 | 14 20 08.190 | -60 48 14.85 | 7 | 7 | -- | -- | 0 | C | X | 2010ApJ...711.1168V | Pulsar | 215.03412500 | -60.80412500 | 1 |
| HESS J1427-608 | 14 27 52.0 | -60 51 00 | 5 | 5 | -- | -- | 0 | D | 2008A&A...477..353A | gamma | 216.96670000 | -60.85000000 | 1 | |
| SNR G315.0-02.3 | 14 43 00 | -62 30.0 | 4 | 4 | -- | -- | 0 | E | R | 2014BASI...42...47G | SNRemnant | 220.75000000 | -62.50000000 | 1 |
| SNR G318.2+00.1 | 14 54.8 | -59 04 | 3 | 3 | -- | -- | 0 | E | R | 2009BASI...37...45G | SNRemnant | 223.70000000 | -59.07000000 | 1 |
| PSR J1459-60 | 14 59 30.1228 | -60 53 20.536 | 14 | 14 | 0.052 | 0.061 | 90 | A | O | 2020yCat.1350....0G | Pulsar | 224.87551193 | -60.88903795 | 1 |
| HESS J1507-622 | 15 07 30 | -62 25.0 | 4 | 4 | -- | -- | 0 | E | 2011A&A...525A..45A | gamma | 226.87500000 | -62.41700000 | 1 | |
| 3A 1510-590 | 15 13 17.000 | -59 04 54.00 | 7 | 7 | -- | -- | 0 | D | 2015ApJS..217....2M | Pulsar | 228.32083300 | -59.08166700 | 1 | |
| PSR J1615-5137 | 16 15 12.62 | -51 34 53.3 | 6 | 6 | 2300.000 | 1900.000 | 76 | D | R | 2013MNRAS.432.1294P | Pulsar | 243.80258000 | -51.58147000 | 1 |
| AJG 44 | 16 17 33.000 | -51 02 00.00 | 7 | 7 | -- | -- | 0 | D | 2015ApJS..217....2M | Pulsar | 244.38750000 | -51.03333300 | 1 | |
| HESS J1616-509 | 16 16 | -50.9 | 2 | 2 | -- | -- | 0 | E | G | 2006ApJ...651..190L | gamma | 244.00000000 | -50.90000000 | 1 |
| HESS J1626-490 | 16 26 04.0 | -49 05 13 | 5 | 5 | -- | -- | 0 | D | 2008A&A...477..353A | gamma | 246.51670000 | -49.08690000 | 1 | |
| IGR J16320-4751 | 16 32 01.76 | -47 52 29.0 | 6 | 6 | 80.000 | 80.000 | 90 | C | 2003yCat.2246....0C | HighMassXBin | 248.00733000 | -47.87472000 | 1 | |
| HESS J1634-472 | 16 34 51.1192 | -47 14 01.936 | 9 | 9 | -- | -- | 0 | E | G | 2018A&A...612A...1H | gamma | 248.71299694 | -47.23387111 | 1 |
| 3EG J1639-4702 | 16 40 43.2 | -46 31 48 | 5 | 5 | -- | -- | 0 | E | G | 2022ApJS..260...53A | gamma | 250.18000000 | -46.53000000 | 1 |
| HESS J1702-420 | 17 02 44.0 | -42 00 57 | 5 | 5 | -- | -- | 0 | D | 2008A&A...477..353A | gamma | 255.68330000 | -42.01580000 | 1 | |
| HESS J1708-410 | 17 08 24.0 | -41 05 24 | 5 | 5 | -- | -- | 0 | D | 2008A&A...477..353A | gamma | 257.10000000 | -41.09000000 | 1 | |
| HESS J1708-443 | 17 07 59.5384 | -44 17 19.046 | 9 | 9 | -- | -- | 0 | E | G | 2018A&A...612A...1H | gamma | 256.99807694 | -44.28862389 | 1 |
| HESS J1713-381 | 17 13 51.2035 | -38 13 13.570 | 9 | 9 | -- | -- | 0 | E | G | 2018A&A...612A...1H | gamma | 258.46334806 | -38.22043611 | 1 |
| SNR G347.3-00.5 | 17 12 27 | -39 41.2 | 4 | 4 | -- | -- | 0 | D | 2012ApJ...756....5L | SNRemnant | 258.11200000 | -39.68700000 | 1 | |
| SNR G348.5+00.1 | 17 14 31.780 | -38 28 34.50 | 7 | 7 | -- | -- | 0 | D | 2015ApJS..217....2M | SNRemnant | 258.63241700 | -38.47625000 | 1 | |
| ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| W 49b | 19 11 09.000 | +09 06 24.00 | 7 | 7 | -- | -- | 0 | D | 2015ApJS..217....2M | SNRemnant | 287.78750000 | 9.10666700 | 1 | |
| ARGO J1912+1026 | 19 12 14.9 | +10 21 06 | 5 | 5 | 306640.000 | 306640.000 | 90 | E | G | 2020ApJ...905...76A | gamma | 288.06200000 | 10.35160000 | 1 |
| HESS J1923+141 | 19 23.0 | +14 06 | 3 | 3 | -- | -- | 0 | E | 2010ApJ...709L...6A | gamma | 290.75000000 | 14.10000000 | 1 | |
| HAWC J1928+178 | 19 28.4 | +17 49 | 3 | 3 | -- | -- | 0 | E | G | 2021ApJ...917....6A | gamma | 292.10000000 | 17.82000000 | 1 |
| SNR G054.1+00.3 | 19 30 10.6 | +18 50 22 | 5 | 5 | 314633.000 | 314633.000 | 90 | E | G | 2020ApJ...905...76A | SNRemnant | 292.54400000 | 18.83940000 | 1 |
| 2MASS J19435624+2118233 | 19 43 56.244 | +21 18 23.38 | 7 | 7 | 110.000 | 110.000 | 90 | C | I | 2003yCat.2246....0C | Blazar | 295.98435000 | 21.30649400 | 1 |
| QSO B2005-489 | 20 09 25.3903 | -48 49 53.725 | 14 | 14 | 0.026 | 0.020 | 90 | A | O | 2020yCat.1350....0G | BLLac | 302.35579329 | -48.83159029 | 1 |
| QSO B2155-304 | 21 58 52.0652 | -30 13 32.118 | 14 | 14 | 0.017 | 0.014 | 90 | A | O | 2020yCat.1350....0G | BLLac | 329.71693844 | -30.22558846 | 1 |
| QSO B2356-309 | 23 59 07.9034 | -30 37 40.671 | 14 | 14 | 0.094 | 0.072 | 90 | A | O | 2020yCat.1350....0G | BLLac | 359.78293125 | -30.62796419 | 1 |
| HESS J0535-691 | 05 35 55.0 | -69 11 10 | 5 | 5 | -- | -- | 0 | E | 2019A&A...621A.138K | gamma | 83.97920000 | -69.18610000 | 1 | |
| HESS J0537-691 | 05 37 44.0 | -69 09 57 | 5 | 5 | -- | -- | 0 | D | 2012A&A...545L...2H | gamma | 84.43330000 | -69.16580000 | 1 | |
| HESS J1018-589 | 10 18 | -58.9 | 2 | 2 | -- | -- | 0 | E | 2012Sci...335..189A | gamma | 154.50000000 | -58.90000000 | 1 | |
| HESS J1502-421 | 15 02 | -42.1 | 2 | 2 | -- | -- | 0 | E | gamma | 225.50000000 | -42.10000000 | 1 | ||
| HESS J1503-582 | 15 03 | -58.2 | 2 | 2 | -- | -- | 0 | E | 2012ApJ...753...83A | gamma | 225.70000000 | -58.20000000 | 1 | |
| HESS J1504-418 | 15 04 | -41.8 | 2 | 2 | -- | -- | 0 | E | gamma | 226.00000000 | -41.80000000 | 1 | ||
| 4FGL J1533.9-5712e | 15 34 43.1982 | -57 09 35.999 | 11 | 11 | -- | -- | 0 | D | 2022ApJS..260...53A | SNRemnant | 233.67999268 | -57.15999985 | 1 | |
| HESS J1554-550 | 15 54.6 | -55 05 | 3 | 3 | -- | -- | 0 | E | 2013ApJ...773...77A | gamma | 238.65000000 | -55.08000000 | 1 | |
| HESS J1641-463 | 16 41 01.7 | -46 18 11 | 5 | 5 | -- | -- | 0 | D | 2013ApJ...774...74F | gamma | 250.25710000 | -46.30310000 | 1 | |
| HESS J1645-455 | 16 45 | -45.5 | 2 | 2 | -- | -- | 0 | D | gamma | 251.30000000 | -45.50000000 | 1 | ||
| HESS J1646-458 | 16 46 00.0 | -45 48 00 | 5 | 5 | -- | -- | 0 | D | 2012A&A...537A.114A | gamma | 251.50000000 | -45.80000000 | 1 | |
| HESS J1647-465 | 16 47 | -46.5 | 2 | 2 | -- | -- | 0 | D | gamma | 251.80000000 | -46.50000000 | 1 | ||
| HESS J1649-460 | 16 49 | -46.0 | 2 | 2 | -- | -- | 0 | D | gamma | 252.20000000 | -46.00000000 | 1 | ||
| HESS J1652-462 | 16 52 | -46.2 | 2 | 2 | -- | -- | 0 | D | gamma | 253.00000000 | -46.20000000 | 1 | ||
| HESS J1702-420A | 17 02.1 | -42 07 | 3 | 3 | -- | -- | 0 | D | 2021A&A...653A.152A | gamma | 255.52000000 | -42.12000000 | 1 | |
| HESS J1702-420B | 17 02.5 | -42 00 | 3 | 3 | -- | -- | 0 | D | 2021A&A...653A.152A | gamma | 255.64000000 | -42.01000000 | 1 | |
| HESS J1729-345 | 17 28 58.4325 | -34 31 35.814 | 9 | 9 | -- | -- | 0 | E | G | 2018A&A...612A...1H | gamma | 262.24346889 | -34.52661500 | 1 |
| HESS J1746-308 | 17 46 17.1314 | -30 50 28.025 | 9 | 9 | -- | -- | 0 | E | G | 2018A&A...612A...1H | gamma | 266.57138111 | -30.84111806 | 1 |
| HESS J1747-248 | 17 47 49.0 | -24 48 30 | 5 | 5 | -- | -- | 0 | D | 2011A&A...531L..18A | gamma | 266.95420000 | -24.80830000 | 1 | |
| Fermi J1808.2-2029 | 18 08 00.0 | -20 24 00 | 5 | 5 | -- | -- | 0 | D | 2013ApJ...774...74F | gamma | 272.00000000 | -20.40000000 | 1 | |
| HESS J1818-154 | 18 16.1 | -15 12 | 3 | 3 | -- | -- | 0 | E | 2013ApJ...773...77A | gamma | 274.02000000 | -15.20000000 | 1 | |
| HESS J1828-099 | 18 28 | -09.9 | 2 | 2 | -- | -- | 0 | E | G | 2017MNRAS.468.2093D | gamma | 277.00000000 | -9.90000000 | 1 |
| HESS J1832-085 | 18 32 | -08.5 | 2 | 2 | -- | -- | 0 | E | G | 2017MNRAS.468.2093D | gamma | 278.00000000 | -8.50000000 | 1 |
| HESS J1844-030 | 18 44 40.0 | -03 06 00 | 5 | 5 | -- | -- | 0 | E | 2017A&A...602A..31C | gamma | 281.16670000 | -3.10000000 | 1 | |
| HESS J1852-000 | 18 52 | +00.0 | 2 | 2 | -- | -- | 0 | E | 2011ApJ...743....4Z | gamma | 283.00000000 | 0.00000000 | 1 | |
| HESS J1854+013 | 18 54 | +01.3 | 2 | 2 | -- | -- | 0 | E | G | 2021ApJ...917....6A | gamma | 283.50000000 | 1.30000000 | 1 |
| HESS J1915+115 | 19 15 | +11.5 | 2 | 2 | -- | -- | 0 | E | G | 2021ApJ...917....6A | gamma | 288.80000000 | 11.50000000 | 1 |
| HESS J1923+140 | 19 23 | +14.0 | 2 | 2 | -- | -- | 0 | E | G | 2021ApJ...917....6A | gamma | 290.80000000 | 14.00000000 | 1 |
| HESS J1943+215 | 19 43 00 | +21 31.1 | 4 | 4 | -- | -- | 0 | E | 2012PASJ...64..100Y | gamma | 295.75000000 | 21.51800000 | 1 |
f"There are {len(hess_simbad)} HESS sources in Simbad database."
'There are 113 HESS sources in Simbad database.'
Exercise: Do you know how to count how many HESS sources in Simbad are classified as HMXB? And as SNR? (answer in next cell, we use the pandas functionnalities)
df_hess_simbad = hess_simbad.to_pandas()
df_hess_simbad.groupby("OTYPE").count()["MAIN_ID"]
OTYPE
BLLac 4
Blazar 1
HighMassXBin 7
LowMassXBin 1
Pulsar 21
Region 1
SNRemnant 16
XrayBin 1
gamma 61
Name: MAIN_ID, dtype: int64
Step #2 - Projecting HESS sources onto the Fermi sky#
Display the HESS sources in Galactic coordinates and overlay it on a view of an all-sky image survey conducted with Fermi LAT.
# Display the Fermi color HiPS
aladin = Aladin(survey="P/Fermi/color")
aladin
# Display the sources on top
aladin.add_table(hess_simbad)
# Increase height of the widget
aladin.height = 600
** zoom out and move to see the points **
The HESS sources are overlayed on top of the Fermi images. If you don’t see them, zoom out and move around the sky to locate them around the Galactic Plane. By selecting a source you will see the main Simbad information of that source at the bottom of the AladinLite widget. You can change the image by selecting the stack layer.
# Select the "SNR" sources and overlay them
# Note that characters in python need that extra "b"
idx_SNR = hess_simbad["OTYPE"] == ["SNRemnant"]
aladin.add_table(hess_simbad[idx_SNR])
Step #3 - Cross-identify HESS and Fermi LAT sources#
Here we will cross-correlate the HESS source list with the complete set of objects appearing in the 3rd Fermi LAT catalogue.
Then we use the CDS XMatch service (http://cdsxmatch.u-strasbg.fr/) via the astroquery.XMatch.query module to look for spatial crossmatches
The cross-correlation will create a new, sub-catalogue of all HESS sources found in Simbad that also appear in the 3rd Fermi-LAT catalogue.
The Fermi Gamma Ray Space Telescope was launched in 2008 and observes astronomical objects across the 10 keV – 300 GeV band. The main instrument of the Fermi satellite is the Large Area Telescope (LAT), an imaging high-energy gamma-ray telescope covering the spectral range of 20 MeV – 300 GeV. The LAT has a very wide field of view, covering 20% of the sky at any time and scanning the complete sky every three hours. In the third Fermi-LAT catalogue (3FGL) all identified Fermi sources after 4 years of continuous survey were published together with basic measurements such as photometric fluxes in different spectral bands, an estimated gamma-ray spectral slope, or a variability flag.
In the following cross-identification process, it is assumed that the HESS source and its Fermi counterpart have an apparent angular distance of less then 1°, which is guided by the average angular resolution of the Fermi-LAT across the gamma-ray waveband. The angular resolution of the Fermi-LAT drops from 3° at 100 MeV to 0.04° at 100 GeV. Choosing a different limit for the angular distance thus favors associations with more objects at the low or at the high energy end of the Fermi-LAT band.
Find the VizieR name of the 3rd Fermi LAT catalogue.
catalog_list = Vizier.find_catalogs("Fermi LAT third catalog")
for k, v in catalog_list.items():
print(k, ": ", v.description)
IX/67 : Incremental Fermi LAT 4th source cat. (4FGL-DR3) (Fermi-LAT col., 2022)
J/ApJ/893/46 : The fourth Fermi-GBM GRB catalog: 10 years (von Kienlin+, 2020)
J/ApJS/199/31 : Fermi LAT second source catalog (2FGL) (Nolan+, 2012)
J/ApJS/218/23 : Fermi LAT third source catalog (3FGL) (Acero+, 2015)
J/ApJS/223/28 : The third Fermi/GBM GRB catalog (6yr) (Bhat+, 2016)
J/ApJS/247/33 : The Fermi LAT fourth source catalog (4FGL) (Abdollahi+, 2020)
J/ApJS/263/24 : The 4LAC-DR3 catalog (Ajello+, 2022)
Check the list of cadidate catalogs and select the one that interests us, i.e. “Fermi LAT third source catalog (3FGL) (Acero+, 2015)”. It’s identifier is: J/ApJS/218/23. VizieR might have several tables associated to this catalog. The next step is to see if the catalog has more than one table associated. We display table names and metadata:
# these two lines are commented out to prevent this pretty large catalog to be queried a lot of times.
# They should be executed the first time you do the tutorial to store the result in a pickle file.
# Vizier.ROW_LIMIT = -1
# catalog = Vizier.get_catalogs("J/ApJS/218/23")
# with open(Path.cwd() / "Data" / "J_ApJS_218_23" / "J_ApJS_218_23.pkl", "wb") as file:
# catalog2 = pickle.dump(catalog, file)
# Here we just get the catalog from the file system.
with Path.open(
Path.cwd() / "Data" / "J_ApJS_218_23" / "J_ApJS_218_23.pkl",
"rb",
) as file:
catalog = pickle.load(file) # noqa: S301
print(catalog)
print("Metadata of each table: ")
print(catalog[0].meta)
TableList with 3 tables:
'0:J/ApJS/218/23/table4' with 19 column(s) and 4984 row(s)
'1:J/ApJS/218/23/table8' with 13 column(s) and 3034 row(s)
'2:J/ApJS/218/23/table3' with 2 column(s) and 12 row(s)
Metadata of each table:
{'ID': 'J_ApJS_218_23_table4', 'name': 'J/ApJS/218/23/table4', 'description': 'LAT 4-year catalog (3034 unique 3FGL sources)'}
There are three tables, each with a different number of columns and rows. To see what could be of interest, let’s display their description.
for i in range(len(catalog)):
print(catalog[i].meta["name"], ": ", catalog[i].meta["description"])
J/ApJS/218/23/table4 : LAT 4-year catalog (3034 unique 3FGL sources)
J/ApJS/218/23/table8 : LAT 4-year catalog: spectral information
J/ApJS/218/23/table3 : Definitions of the analysis flags
We can even visualise the first element of each table to have an idea of their content.
table0 = catalog[0]
table0[0]
Row index=0
| _3FGL | Na | RAJ2000 | DEJ2000 | amaj | amin | phi | Sig | F35 | S25 | Gamma | Mod | Var | Flag | Assoc | TeV | Class | ID | Simbad |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| deg | deg | deg | deg | deg | 1e-05 / (s m2) | fW / m2 | ||||||||||||
| str13 | int16 | float32 | float32 | float32 | float32 | int16 | float32 | float32 | float32 | float32 | str2 | str1 | str12 | str18 | str1 | str5 | str26 | str6 |
| J0000.1+6545 | 1 | 0.038 | 65.752 | 0.102 | 0.078 | 41 | 6.8 | 1.0 | 13.6 | 2.41 | PL | 3 | 2FGL J2359.6+6543c | Simbad |
table1 = catalog[1]
table1[0]
Row index=0
| File | _3FGL | LC | F1 | E_F1 | F2 | E_F2 | F3 | E_F3 | F4 | E_F4 | F5 | E_F5 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.0001 / (s m2) | 0.0001 / (s m2) | 0.0001 / (s m2) | 0.0001 / (s m2) | 1e-05 / (s m2) | 1e-05 / (s m2) | 1e-06 / (s m2) | 1e-06 / (s m2) | 1e-06 / (s m2) | 1e-06 / (s m2) | |||
| str13 | str13 | str2 | float32 | float32 | float32 | float32 | float32 | float32 | float32 | float32 | float32 | float32 |
| J0000.1p6545 | J0000.1+6545 | LC | 1.81 | 0.82 | 0.69 | 0.14 | 1.24 | 0.23 | 0.58 | 0.49 | 0.28 | 0.19 |
table2 = catalog[2]
table2[0]
Row index=0
| Flag | Note |
|---|---|
| int16 | str347 |
| 1 | Source with TS>35, which went to TS<25 when changing the diffuse model (Section 3.7.3) or the analysis method (Section 3.7.4). Sources with TS<=35 are not flagged with this bit because normal statistical fluctuations can push them to TS<25. |
J/ApJS/218/23/table4 and J/ApJS/218/23/table8 contain positional and spectral information respectively. The first table has several entries for the same source, so before performing the match, let’s restric the table to unique entries for the same source. We then match the tables based on the names in column _3FGL to get all information in a single table.
table0 = unique(table0, keys="_3FGL")
FERMI = join(
table0,
table1,
keys="_3FGL",
join_type="inner",
metadata_conflicts="silent",
)
print("Number of matches :", len(FERMI))
FERMI[0]
Number of matches : 3034
Row index=0
| _3FGL | Na | RAJ2000 | DEJ2000 | amaj | amin | phi | Sig | F35 | S25 | Gamma | Mod | Var | Flag | Assoc | TeV | Class | ID | Simbad | File | LC | F1 | E_F1 | F2 | E_F2 | F3 | E_F3 | F4 | E_F4 | F5 | E_F5 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| deg | deg | deg | deg | deg | 1e-05 / (s m2) | fW / m2 | 0.0001 / (s m2) | 0.0001 / (s m2) | 0.0001 / (s m2) | 0.0001 / (s m2) | 1e-05 / (s m2) | 1e-05 / (s m2) | 1e-06 / (s m2) | 1e-06 / (s m2) | 1e-06 / (s m2) | 1e-06 / (s m2) | ||||||||||||||
| str13 | int16 | float32 | float32 | float32 | float32 | int16 | float32 | float32 | float32 | float32 | str2 | str1 | str12 | str18 | str1 | str5 | str26 | str6 | str13 | str2 | float32 | float32 | float32 | float32 | float32 | float32 | float32 | float32 | float32 | float32 |
| J0000.1+6545 | 1 | 0.038 | 65.752 | 0.102 | 0.078 | 41 | 6.8 | 1.0 | 13.6 | 2.41 | PL | 3 | 2FGL J2359.6+6543c | Simbad | J0000.1p6545 | LC | 1.81 | 0.82 | 0.69 | 0.14 | 1.24 | 0.23 | 0.58 | 0.49 | 0.28 | 0.19 |
We have a new table with 3034 FERMI sources with spatial and spectral information. We move on to cross-match this table with the HESS-Simbad sources. This time the match will be based on positions.
Lets have a look again a the hess_simbad table and it’s content.
hess_simbad[0:5]
Table length=5
| MAIN_ID | RA | DEC | RA_PREC | DEC_PREC | COO_ERR_MAJA | COO_ERR_MINA | COO_ERR_ANGLE | COO_QUAL | COO_WAVELENGTH | COO_BIBCODE | OTYPE | RA_d | DEC_d | SCRIPT_NUMBER_ID |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| "h:m:s" | "d:m:s" | mas | mas | deg | deg | deg | ||||||||
| object | str13 | str13 | int16 | int16 | float32 | float32 | int16 | str1 | str1 | object | object | float64 | float64 | int32 |
| HESS J0232+202 | 02 32 53.2 | +20 16 21 | 5 | 5 | -- | -- | 0 | D | 2007A&A...475L...9A | gamma | 38.22170000 | 20.27250000 | 1 | |
| HESS J0534+220 | 05 34 | +22.0 | 2 | 2 | -- | -- | 0 | E | 2008ApJ...682L..41H | gamma | 83.50000000 | 22.00000000 | 1 | |
| 4FGL J0535.2-6736 | 05 36 00.01 | -67 35 07.5 | 6 | 6 | -- | -- | 0 | D | X | 2012ApJ...759..123S | HighMassXBin | 84.00004000 | -67.58542000 | 1 |
| HD 259440 | 06 32 59.2566 | +05 48 01.160 | 14 | 14 | 0.018 | 0.016 | 90 | A | O | 2020yCat.1350....0G | HighMassXBin | 98.24690253 | 5.80032243 | 1 |
| NAME MONOCEROS NEB | 06 38 43 | +06 30.2 | 4 | 4 | 31000.000 | 18000.000 | 94 | E | 1988IRASP.C......0J | SNRemnant | 99.67900000 | 6.50300000 | 1 |
# Create a skycoord object from the RA_d and DEC_d columns
c_hess_simbad = SkyCoord(hess_simbad["RA_d"], hess_simbad["DEC_d"])
c_fermi = SkyCoord(FERMI["RAJ2000"], FERMI["DEJ2000"])
# Set the maximum separation
max_sep = 1.0 * u.deg
# For each row in the first catalog, look for the closest neighbor
idx, d2d, d3d = c_hess_simbad.match_to_catalog_sky(c_fermi, 1)
sep_constraint = d2d < max_sep
# limit the tables to matches within the maximum separation
hess_simbad_matches = hess_simbad[sep_constraint]
fermi_matches = FERMI[idx[sep_constraint]]
# Look at the number of matches in each table within the maximum separation
print("Number of possible hess-simbad matches:", len(hess_simbad_matches))
print("Number of possible fermi matches:", len(fermi_matches))
Number of possible hess-simbad matches:
97
Number of possible fermi matches: 97
There are 83 HESS-Simbad-FERMI possible matches within 1 degree for each row in the first table! Tables hess_simbad_matches and fermi_matches are the matched sources in hess_simbad and fermi, respectively, which are separated by less than 1 deg. But ideally we would like to have the result as a single table including the angular separation between the matches. Let’s go do that.
# Add the separation to the fermi Table and concatenate the matched tables
fermi_matches["Ang_Sep"] = d2d[sep_constraint]
hess_simbad_fermi = hstack(
[hess_simbad_matches, fermi_matches],
metadata_conflicts="silent",
)
print("Number of possible HESS-Simbad-Fermi matches", len(hess_simbad_fermi))
Number of possible HESS-Simbad-Fermi matches 97
Note that the same Fermi source can be associated to different HESS sources. You can investigate those possible matches within 1deg (recommended) or limit to have unique entries. For the purpose of the exercice we choose option 2, but in general, we recommend to look at all possible matches to see which might be the true association (if any).
# Limit to unique 3FGL sources, this will keep the first row of each duplicate
# Note that one could sort them before that
hess_simbad_fermi.sort("Ang_Sep")
hess_simbad_fermi = unique(hess_simbad_fermi, keys="_3FGL", keep="first")
hess_simbad_fermi
Table length=73
| MAIN_ID | RA | DEC | RA_PREC | DEC_PREC | COO_ERR_MAJA | COO_ERR_MINA | COO_ERR_ANGLE | COO_QUAL | COO_WAVELENGTH | COO_BIBCODE | OTYPE | RA_d | DEC_d | SCRIPT_NUMBER_ID | _3FGL | Na | RAJ2000 | DEJ2000 | amaj | amin | phi | Sig | F35 | S25 | Gamma | Mod | Var | Flag | Assoc | TeV | Class | ID | Simbad | File | LC | F1 | E_F1 | F2 | E_F2 | F3 | E_F3 | F4 | E_F4 | F5 | E_F5 | Ang_Sep |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| "h:m:s" | "d:m:s" | mas | mas | deg | deg | deg | deg | deg | deg | deg | deg | 1e-05 / (s m2) | fW / m2 | 0.0001 / (s m2) | 0.0001 / (s m2) | 0.0001 / (s m2) | 0.0001 / (s m2) | 1e-05 / (s m2) | 1e-05 / (s m2) | 1e-06 / (s m2) | 1e-06 / (s m2) | 1e-06 / (s m2) | 1e-06 / (s m2) | deg | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| object | str13 | str13 | int16 | int16 | float32 | float32 | int16 | str1 | str1 | object | object | float64 | float64 | int32 | str13 | int16 | float32 | float32 | float32 | float32 | int16 | float32 | float32 | float32 | float32 | str2 | str1 | str12 | str18 | str1 | str5 | str26 | str6 | str13 | str2 | float32 | float32 | float32 | float32 | float32 | float32 | float32 | float32 | float32 | float32 | float64 |
| HESS J0232+202 | 02 32 53.2 | +20 16 21 | 5 | 5 | -- | -- | 0 | D | 2007A&A...475L...9A | gamma | 38.22170000 | 20.27250000 | 1 | J0232.8+2016 | 1 | 38.219 | 20.271 | 0.055 | 0.047 | -4 | 7.2 | 0.4 | 4.9 | 2.03 | PL | P | bll | 1ES 0229+200 | Simbad | J0232.8p2016 | LC | 0.23 | 0.29 | 0.18 | 0.05 | 0.25 | 0.11 | 0.46 | 0.31 | 0.42 | 0.22 | 0.0029425561444406073 | ||||
| HESS J0534+220 | 05 34 | +22.0 | 2 | 2 | -- | -- | 0 | E | 2008ApJ...682L..41H | gamma | 83.50000000 | 22.00000000 | 1 | J0534.5+2201 | 1 | 83.637 | 22.024 | 0.012 | 0.011 | 90 | 30.7 | 157.3 | 1471.9 | 2.23 | EC | T | 1FHL J0534.5+2201 | P | PSR | PSR J0534+2200 | Simbad | J0534.5p2201 | LC | 6.31 | -- | 3.33 | -- | 14.47 | -- | 90.04 | 29.86 | 56.02 | 2.84 | 0.12926188080586082 | ||
| HD 259440 | 06 32 59.2566 | +05 48 01.160 | 14 | 14 | 0.018 | 0.016 | 90 | A | O | 2020yCat.1350....0G | HighMassXBin | 98.24690253 | 5.80032243 | 1 | J0633.7+0632 | 4 | 98.438 | 6.541 | 0.018 | 0.018 | 71 | 57.9 | 17.1 | 124.4 | 2.16 | EC | 2FGL J0633.7+0633 | PSR | LAT PSR J0633+0632 | Simbad | J0633.7p0632 | LC | 8.43 | 1.05 | 4.67 | 0.21 | 14.08 | 0.50 | 25.80 | 1.61 | 1.05 | 0.35 | 0.7646571241230271 | |||
| NAME Vela X | 08 33 08.880 | -45 11 24.36 | 7 | 7 | -- | -- | 0 | D | 2015ApJS..217....2M | Pulsar | 128.28700000 | -45.19010000 | 1 | J0833.1-4511e | 3 | 128.287 | -45.190 | -- | -- | -- | -- | 18.3 | 244.8 | 2.41 | PL | 5 | 1FHL J0833.1-4511e | E | PWN | Vela X | Simbad | J0833.1-4511e | LC | 37.18 | -- | 8.19 | -- | 14.46 | -- | 31.87 | -- | 6.87 | -- | 0.00010275196628192117 | ||
| NAME Vela Jr SN | 08 52.0 | -46 20 | 3 | 3 | -- | -- | 0 | E | R | 2009BASI...37...45G | SNRemnant | 133.00000000 | -46.33000000 | 1 | J0852.7-4631e | 3 | 133.200 | -46.520 | -- | -- | -- | 30.3 | 13.0 | 147.1 | 1.94 | PL | T | 10 | 1FGL J0854.0-4632 | E | SNR | Vela Jr | Simbad | J0852.7-4631e | LC | 9.39 | 2.21 | 3.41 | 0.28 | 7.54 | 0.63 | 19.79 | 2.39 | 13.22 | 1.28 | 0.23474752621627573 |
| PSR J1016-58 | 10 16 21.266 | -58 57 11.70 | 7 | 7 | 1213.000 | 710.000 | 90 | D | R | 2015ApJ...814..128K | Pulsar | 154.08860800 | -58.95325000 | 1 | J1016.3-5858 | 2 | 154.079 | -58.967 | 0.031 | 0.029 | -86 | 18.9 | 7.8 | 65.5 | 2.35 | EC | 5 | 2FGL J1016.5-5858 | E | PSR | PSR J1016-5857 | Simbad | J1016.3-5858 | LC | 7.61 | 3.73 | 2.20 | 0.43 | 7.33 | 0.63 | 13.16 | 1.51 | 0.80 | 0.34 | 0.014613267157310738 | |
| 1FGL J1018.6-5856 | 10 18 55.5875 | -58 56 45.975 | 14 | 14 | 0.009 | 0.009 | 90 | A | O | 2020yCat.1350....0G | HighMassXBin | 154.73161488 | -58.94610424 | 1 | J1018.9-5856 | 4 | 154.730 | -58.946 | 0.014 | 0.014 | 28 | 52.2 | 27.1 | 250.3 | 2.30 | LP | 1FHL J1018.9-5855 | E | HMB | 1FGL J1018.6-5856 | Simbad | J1018.9-5856 | LC | 26.67 | 1.08 | 11.41 | 0.55 | 21.92 | 0.78 | 32.61 | 1.97 | 1.42 | 0.43 | 0.0008413415787791289 | ||
| FGES J1023.3-5747 | 10 23 15.1831 | -57 46 34.784 | 9 | 9 | -- | -- | 0 | E | G | 2018A&A...612A...1H | gamma | 155.81326306 | -57.77632889 | 1 | J1023.1-5745 | 3 | 155.790 | -57.759 | 0.018 | 0.018 | -32 | 31.2 | 19.9 | 148.1 | 2.25 | EC | 1FGL J1023.0-5746 | E | PSR | LAT PSR J1023-5746 | Simbad | J1023.1-5745 | LC | 0.32 | 7.01 | 6.33 | 0.64 | 17.51 | 1.02 | 25.37 | 1.96 | 1.59 | 0.47 | 0.021317658460516295 | ||
| PSR J1028-5819 | 10 28 27.888 | -58 19 06.14 | 7 | 7 | 53.000 | 30.000 | 90 | B | R | 2015ApJ...814..128K | Pulsar | 157.11620000 | -58.31837200 | 1 | J1028.4-5819 | 5 | 157.123 | -58.320 | 0.012 | 0.012 | -74 | 57.5 | 33.3 | 251.2 | 2.18 | EC | 1FHL J1028.4-5819 | PSR | PSR J1028-5819 | Simbad | J1028.4-5819 | LC | 13.98 | 3.65 | 9.39 | 0.68 | 26.78 | 0.91 | 50.11 | 2.32 | 3.55 | 0.60 | 0.003926177933532794 | |||
| Mrk 421 | 11 04 27.3140 | +38 12 31.798 | 14 | 14 | 0.012 | 0.015 | 90 | A | O | 2020yCat.1350....0G | BLLac | 166.11380868 | 38.20883292 | 1 | J1104.4+3812 | 7 | 166.118 | 38.210 | 0.007 | 0.007 | -12 | 190.3 | 30.3 | 383.0 | 1.77 | PL | T | 1FHL J1104.4+3812 | P | BLL | Mkn 421 | Simbad | J1104.4p3812 | LC | 10.19 | 0.30 | 4.80 | 0.09 | 17.98 | 0.39 | 82.34 | 2.40 | 42.61 | 1.71 | 0.003490934012772948 | |
| PSR J1119-6127 | 11 19 14.30 | -61 27 49.5 | 6 | 6 | -- | -- | 0 | D | 2000ApJ...541..367C | Pulsar | 169.80958000 | -61.46375000 | 1 | J1119.1-6127 | 2 | 169.794 | -61.466 | 0.029 | 0.027 | -86 | 27.0 | 6.7 | 84.9 | 2.36 | PL | 2FGL J1118.8-6128 | E | PSR | PSR J1119-6127 | Simbad | J1119.1-6127 | LC | 7.39 | 1.66 | 2.72 | 0.22 | 5.57 | 0.43 | 10.59 | 1.24 | 1.39 | 0.40 | 0.0077716619802548955 | |||
| PSR J1301-6305 | 13 02 47.9992 | -63 10 48.001 | 11 | 11 | -- | -- | 0 | D | 2022ApJS..260...53A | Pulsar | 195.69999695 | -63.18000031 | 1 | J1303.0-6312e | 2 | 195.750 | -63.200 | -- | -- | -- | 7.6 | 1.6 | 22.7 | 1.64 | PL | 2FGL J1303.7-6316c | E | PWN | HESS J1303-631 | Simbad | J1303.0-6312e | LC | 0.00 | 1.01 | 0.47 | 0.30 | 0.97 | 0.50 | 2.67 | 1.40 | 3.50 | 0.70 | 0.03014314809054314 | |||
| HESS J1357-645 | 13 57 00.0 | -64 30 00 | 5 | 5 | -- | -- | 0 | D | gamma | 209.25000000 | -64.50000000 | 1 | J1356.6-6428 | 2 | 209.164 | -64.480 | 0.067 | 0.055 | -75 | 17.9 | 2.6 | 41.8 | 2.56 | PL | 2FGL J1356.0-6436 | E | PSR | PSR J1357-6429 | Simbad | J1356.6-6428 | LC | 8.56 | 0.97 | 1.91 | 0.15 | 2.26 | 0.28 | 3.01 | 0.75 | 0.21 | 0.24 | 0.042089720952951805 | ||||
| PSR J1418-6058 | 14 18 42.725 | -60 58 01.89 | 7 | 7 | 1749.000 | 1270.000 | 90 | D | R | 2015ApJ...814..128K | Pulsar | 214.67802100 | -60.96719200 | 1 | J1418.6-6058 | 5 | 214.665 | -60.971 | 0.014 | 0.013 | 39 | 40.0 | 40.7 | 310.4 | 2.27 | EC | 5 | 1FHL J1418.6-6059 | E | PSR | LAT PSR J1418-6058 | Simbad | J1418.6-6058 | LC | 18.73 | 7.31 | 12.52 | 0.86 | 33.41 | 1.35 | 58.79 | 3.19 | 3.18 | 0.69 | 0.007381440394919851 | |
| PSR J1420-6048 | 14 20 08.190 | -60 48 14.85 | 7 | 7 | -- | -- | 0 | C | X | 2010ApJ...711.1168V | Pulsar | 215.03412500 | -60.80412500 | 1 | J1420.0-6048 | 6 | 215.008 | -60.815 | 0.024 | 0.023 | 48 | 23.0 | 17.5 | 161.2 | 2.27 | EC | 1FHL J1420.1-6047 | E | PSR | PSR J1420-6048 | Simbad | J1420.0-6048 | LC | 23.79 | 7.11 | 5.49 | 0.82 | 15.94 | 1.23 | 32.74 | 2.71 | 3.16 | 0.64 | 0.01675455503204872 | ||
| PSR J1459-60 | 14 59 30.1228 | -60 53 20.536 | 14 | 14 | 0.052 | 0.061 | 90 | A | O | 2020yCat.1350....0G | Pulsar | 224.87551193 | -60.88903795 | 1 | J1459.4-6053 | 3 | 224.866 | -60.900 | 0.020 | 0.020 | 52 | 37.4 | 12.4 | 110.4 | 2.37 | EC | 2FGL J1459.4-6054 | E | PSR | LAT PSR J1459-6053 | Simbad | J1459.4-6053 | LC | 12.90 | 2.14 | 4.72 | 0.34 | 10.87 | 0.53 | 15.53 | 1.33 | 0.49 | 0.27 | 0.011902020254320914 | ||
| HESS J1503-582 | 15 03 | -58.2 | 2 | 2 | -- | -- | 0 | E | 2012ApJ...753...83A | gamma | 225.70000000 | -58.20000000 | 1 | J1503.5-5801 | 2 | 225.893 | -58.029 | 0.071 | 0.053 | 44 | 12.8 | 4.3 | 35.5 | 2.42 | LP | 2FGL J1503.9-5800c | E | Simbad | J1503.5-5801 | LC | 4.54 | 1.50 | 1.85 | 0.23 | 3.38 | 0.46 | 5.77 | 1.20 | 0.11 | 0.28 | 0.19908390421276995 | |||||
| HESS J1507-622 | 15 07 30 | -62 25.0 | 4 | 4 | -- | -- | 0 | E | 2011A&A...525A..45A | gamma | 226.87500000 | -62.41700000 | 1 | J1506.6-6219 | 2 | 226.668 | -62.331 | 0.072 | 0.053 | -1 | 7.2 | 0.8 | 9.3 | 1.86 | PL | 1FHL J1507.0-6223 | E | Simbad | J1506.6-6219 | LC | 3.55 | 1.10 | 0.01 | 0.12 | 0.50 | 0.21 | 1.83 | 0.62 | 1.09 | 0.36 | 0.1288758433293687 | |||||
| 3A 1510-590 | 15 13 17.000 | -59 04 54.00 | 7 | 7 | -- | -- | 0 | D | 2015ApJS..217....2M | Pulsar | 228.32083300 | -59.08166700 | 1 | J1513.9-5908 | 2 | 228.482 | -59.136 | -- | -- | -- | 7.4 | 1.1 | 45.0 | 3.12 | PL | 1,3 | 1FGL J1513.2-5904 | PSR | PSR J1513-5908 | Simbad | J1513.9-5908 | LC | 20.78 | 2.79 | 1.38 | 0.28 | 0.77 | 0.44 | 2.20 | 1.19 | 1.24 | 0.64 | 0.09898727559002514 | |||
| PSR J1615-5137 | 16 15 12.62 | -51 34 53.3 | 6 | 6 | 2300.000 | 1900.000 | 76 | D | R | 2013MNRAS.432.1294P | Pulsar | 243.80258000 | -51.58147000 | 1 | J1615.3-5146e | 3 | 243.830 | -51.780 | -- | -- | -- | 19.8 | 9.3 | 109.4 | 1.86 | PL | 3,10 | 1FGL J1614.7-5138c | E | spp | Simbad | J1615.3-5146e | LC | 0.00 | 1.60 | 0.82 | 0.38 | 8.51 | 0.79 | 27.02 | 2.61 | 9.58 | 1.20 | 0.19925545657554808 | ||
| HESS J1616-509 | 16 16 | -50.9 | 2 | 2 | -- | -- | 0 | E | G | 2006ApJ...651..190L | gamma | 244.00000000 | -50.90000000 | 1 | J1616.2-5054e | 4 | 244.060 | -50.910 | -- | -- | -- | 21.0 | 13.9 | 156.1 | 2.14 | PL | T | 0FGL J1615.6-5049 | E | PWN | HESS J1616-508 | Simbad | J1616.2-5054e | LC | 19.36 | 3.75 | 5.64 | 0.56 | 10.37 | 0.98 | 25.41 | 2.87 | 9.28 | 1.27 | 0.039134779260579344 | |
| HESS J1626-490 | 16 26 04.0 | -49 05 13 | 5 | 5 | -- | -- | 0 | D | 2008A&A...477..353A | gamma | 246.51670000 | -49.08690000 | 1 | J1626.2-4911 | 2 | 246.569 | -49.197 | 0.081 | 0.065 | 87 | 5.4 | 2.1 | 23.2 | 2.11 | PL | 6 | 1FGL J1626.0-4917c | E | Simbad | J1626.2-4911 | LC | 8.09 | 2.79 | 1.30 | 0.45 | 1.43 | 0.64 | 3.66 | 1.52 | 1.24 | 0.52 | 0.11529354987915028 | ||||
| IGR J16320-4751 | 16 32 01.76 | -47 52 29.0 | 6 | 6 | 80.000 | 80.000 | 90 | C | 2003yCat.2246....0C | HighMassXBin | 248.00733000 | -47.87472000 | 1 | J1633.0-4746e | 3 | 248.250 | -47.770 | -- | -- | -- | 32.0 | 22.6 | 252.3 | 2.11 | PL | T | 10 | 1FGL J1632.7-4733c | E | PWN | HESS J1632-478 | Simbad | J1633.0-4746e | LC | 5.91 | 5.36 | 7.53 | 0.72 | 18.46 | 1.06 | 44.96 | 3.20 | 10.89 | 1.37 | 0.19368488822088273 | |
| HESS J1634-472 | 16 34 51.1192 | -47 14 01.936 | 9 | 9 | -- | -- | 0 | E | G | 2018A&A...612A...1H | gamma | 248.71299694 | -47.23387111 | 1 | J1636.2-4709c | 4 | 249.058 | -47.160 | 0.173 | 0.105 | -47 | 10.4 | 6.0 | 68.7 | 2.21 | PL | 3,5,6,7,9,10 | 2FGL J1635.4-4717c | spp | Simbad | J1636.2-4709c | LC | 21.08 | 6.55 | 3.44 | 0.74 | 6.74 | 0.90 | 10.14 | 2.02 | 1.38 | 0.69 | 0.2457844079652012 | |||
| 3EG J1639-4702 | 16 40 43.2 | -46 31 48 | 5 | 5 | -- | -- | 0 | E | G | 2022ApJS..260...53A | gamma | 250.18000000 | -46.53000000 | 1 | J1640.4-4634c | 5 | 250.118 | -46.580 | 0.030 | 0.027 | 78 | 10.4 | 3.2 | 37.6 | 1.86 | PL | 6 | 1FHL J1640.5-4634 | E | spp | Simbad | J1640.4-4634c | LC | 0.06 | 5.33 | 1.08 | 0.97 | 2.96 | 0.91 | 8.05 | 1.95 | 4.11 | 0.78 | 0.06571355818666404 | ||
| HESS J1641-463 | 16 41 01.7 | -46 18 11 | 5 | 5 | -- | -- | 0 | D | 2013ApJ...774...74F | gamma | 250.25710000 | -46.30310000 | 1 | J1641.1-4619c | 1 | 250.283 | -46.330 | 0.049 | 0.039 | -3 | 7.9 | 4.5 | 57.9 | 2.38 | PL | 3,6 | P | spp | Simbad | J1641.1-4619c | LC | 13.17 | 3.03 | 2.64 | 0.74 | 2.17 | 0.89 | 8.80 | 1.93 | 1.54 | 0.56 | 0.032309837326703825 | ||||
| HESS J1649-460 | 16 49 | -46.0 | 2 | 2 | -- | -- | 0 | D | gamma | 252.20000000 | -46.00000000 | 1 | J1648.3-4611 | 3 | 252.096 | -46.196 | 0.038 | 0.033 | -60 | 13.9 | 6.5 | 38.2 | 2.18 | EC | 3 | 2FGL J1648.4-4612 | E | PSR | PSR J1648-4611 | Simbad | J1648.3-4611 | LC | 0.00 | 2.28 | 0.66 | 0.40 | 5.01 | 0.68 | 18.07 | 1.97 | 0.72 | 0.40 | 0.2088464548366243 | |||
| HESS J1652-462 | 16 52 | -46.2 | 2 | 2 | -- | -- | 0 | D | gamma | 253.00000000 | -46.20000000 | 1 | J1651.5-4626 | 1 | 252.898 | -46.434 | 0.060 | 0.047 | -90 | 4.9 | 1.2 | 13.9 | 1.92 | PL | 5 | E | Simbad | J1651.5-4626 | LC | 0.06 | 4.15 | 0.42 | 0.53 | 1.03 | 0.57 | 3.27 | 1.24 | 0.76 | 0.43 | 0.24437314101658925 | ||||||
| HESS J1708-410 | 17 08 24.0 | -41 05 24 | 5 | 5 | -- | -- | 0 | D | 2008A&A...477..353A | gamma | 257.10000000 | -41.09000000 | 1 | J1705.5-4128c | 1 | 256.396 | -41.481 | 0.141 | 0.084 | -64 | 5.1 | 1.4 | 29.2 | 2.77 | PL | 1,4,6 | Simbad | J1705.5-4128c | LC | 9.98 | 1.88 | 1.54 | 0.30 | 1.57 | 0.60 | 4.88 | 1.46 | 0.71 | 0.47 | 0.6578198826574352 | ||||||
| HESS J1708-443 | 17 07 59.5384 | -44 17 19.046 | 9 | 9 | -- | -- | 0 | E | G | 2018A&A...612A...1H | gamma | 256.99807694 | -44.28862389 | 1 | J1709.7-4429 | 5 | 257.432 | -44.487 | 0.006 | 0.006 | 9 | 360.8 | 187.3 | 1314.8 | 2.02 | EC | 1FHL J1709.7-4429 | E | PSR | PSR J1709-4429 | Simbad | J1709.7-4429 | LC | 77.12 | 1.11 | 44.45 | 0.33 | 152.15 | 1.24 | 341.54 | 5.18 | 25.09 | 1.41 | 0.36811912530249963 | ||
| SNR G347.3-00.5 | 17 12 27 | -39 41.2 | 4 | 4 | -- | -- | 0 | D | 2012ApJ...756....5L | SNRemnant | 258.11200000 | -39.68700000 | 1 | J1713.5-3945e | 4 | 258.390 | -39.760 | -- | -- | -- | 14.4 | 4.5 | 66.9 | 1.62 | PL | 3 | 1FGL J1711.7-3944c | E | SNR | RX J1713.7-3946 | Simbad | J1713.5-3945e | LC | 0.61 | 2.58 | 1.06 | 0.27 | 2.02 | 0.65 | 11.99 | 2.19 | 9.32 | 1.17 | 0.22594837665754253 | ||
| SNR G348.5+00.1 | 17 14 31.780 | -38 28 34.50 | 7 | 7 | -- | -- | 0 | D | 2015ApJS..217....2M | SNRemnant | 258.63241700 | -38.47625000 | 1 | J1714.5-3832 | 4 | 258.643 | -38.549 | 0.029 | 0.026 | -12 | 29.2 | 14.0 | 130.5 | 2.30 | LP | 0FGL J1714.7-3827 | E | snr | CTB 37A | Simbad | J1714.5-3832 | LC | 12.55 | 4.45 | 4.53 | 0.35 | 11.94 | 0.72 | 28.28 | 2.22 | 1.37 | 0.59 | 0.07322214172245492 | |||
| SNR G349.7+00.2 | 17 18 10.160 | -37 18 53.80 | 7 | 7 | -- | -- | 0 | D | 2015ApJS..217....2M | SNRemnant | 259.54233300 | -37.31494400 | 1 | J1718.0-3726 | 3 | 259.506 | -37.448 | 0.030 | 0.026 | -35 | 13.1 | 4.4 | 48.8 | 2.13 | PL | 3 | 1FHL J1717.9-3725 | P | snr | SNR G349.7+00.2 | Simbad | J1718.0-3726 | LC | 8.36 | 3.78 | 1.36 | 0.31 | 3.18 | 0.59 | 10.79 | 1.66 | 2.85 | 0.64 | 0.13615112422764997 | ||
| HESS J1718-385 | 17 18 07 | -38 33.0 | 4 | 4 | -- | -- | 0 | E | 2007A&A...472..489A | gamma | 259.52900000 | -38.55000000 | 1 | J1718.1-3825 | 2 | 259.545 | -38.428 | 0.034 | 0.030 | 62 | 24.4 | 11.5 | 82.4 | 2.39 | EC | 2FGL J1718.3-3827 | E | PSR | PSR J1718-3825 | Simbad | J1718.1-3825 | LC | 0.64 | 2.76 | 3.63 | 0.33 | 9.89 | 0.64 | 16.75 | 1.79 | 0.19 | 0.39 | 0.12264101249818238 | |||
| HESS J1741-302 | 17 41 15.7982 | -30 22 37.204 | 9 | 9 | -- | -- | 0 | E | G | 2018A&A...612A...1H | gamma | 265.31582611 | -30.37700111 | 1 | J1741.1-3053 | 2 | 265.290 | -30.894 | 0.117 | 0.105 | 22 | 11.4 | 7.1 | 42.3 | 2.28 | LP | 3 | 2FGL J1740.4-3054c | snr | MSH 17-39 | Simbad | J1741.1-3053 | LC | 0.29 | 2.10 | 1.28 | 0.38 | 4.77 | 0.76 | 9.26 | 1.96 | 0.23 | 0.37 | 0.5174722010276819 | ||
| HESS J1746-308 | 17 46 17.1314 | -30 50 28.025 | 9 | 9 | -- | -- | 0 | E | G | 2018A&A...612A...1H | gamma | 266.57138111 | -30.84111806 | 1 | J1744.7-3043 | 1 | 266.180 | -30.719 | 0.071 | 0.058 | 49 | 6.6 | 3.0 | 38.0 | 2.36 | PL | 12 | 1AGL J1746-3017 | Simbad | J1744.7-3043 | LC | 6.34 | 4.76 | 2.29 | 0.51 | 2.39 | 0.68 | 5.04 | 1.56 | 0.64 | 0.45 | 0.3577446985302138 | ||||
| 2CG 359+00 | 17 45 11 | -30 11.9 | 4 | 4 | 244800.000 | 176400.000 | 46 | E | G | 2015ApJS..218...23A | gamma | 266.29700000 | -30.19900000 | 1 | J1745.1-3011 | 2 | 266.297 | -30.199 | 0.068 | 0.049 | 46 | 13.7 | 9.6 | 84.1 | 2.44 | LP | 3,5 | 3EG J1744-3011 | E | spp | Simbad | J1745.1-3011 | LC | 13.66 | 3.31 | 3.52 | 0.66 | 8.53 | 0.98 | 3.83 | 1.78 | 0.73 | 0.46 | 2.5336920727177825e-06 | ||
| NAME Galactic Center | 17 45 39.6021 | -29 00 22.000 | 9 | 9 | -- | -- | 0 | E | G | 2018A&A...612A...1H | Region | 266.41500889 | -29.00611111 | 1 | J1745.6-2859c | 3 | 266.416 | -28.995 | 0.018 | 0.017 | -45 | 12.0 | 21.8 | 268.7 | 2.32 | PL | 6,10 | 1FHL J1745.6-2900 | P | spp | Simbad | J1745.6-2859c | LC | 55.16 | 3.49 | 8.28 | 1.90 | 15.40 | 6.10 | 53.19 | 7.42 | 10.00 | 1.44 | 0.01114354868191059 | ||
| HESS J1747-248 | 17 47 49.0 | -24 48 30 | 5 | 5 | -- | -- | 0 | D | 2011A&A...531L..18A | gamma | 266.95420000 | -24.80830000 | 1 | J1748.0-2447 | 2 | 267.012 | -24.788 | 0.028 | 0.025 | -48 | 31.6 | 11.1 | 73.1 | 2.26 | LP | T | 1 | 2FGL J1748.0-2447 | E | glc | Terzan 5 | Simbad | J1748.0-2447 | LC | 4.11 | 1.24 | 2.56 | 0.22 | 9.14 | 0.52 | 19.10 | 1.63 | 0.91 | 0.40 | 0.056254860665358834 | |
| SNR G000.9+00.1 | 17 47.3 | -28 09 | 3 | 3 | -- | -- | 0 | E | R | 2009BASI...37...45G | SNRemnant | 266.82000000 | -28.15000000 | 1 | J1748.3-2815c | 1 | 267.092 | -28.259 | 0.030 | 0.029 | -42 | 15.1 | 8.2 | 42.3 | 2.19 | LP | 3,6,12 | Simbad | J1748.3-2815c | LC | 0.09 | 3.31 | 0.45 | 0.34 | 4.62 | 0.74 | 28.81 | 2.81 | 2.70 | 0.71 | 0.2633325830862214 | |||||
| HESS J1800-240C | 17 58 52 | -24 03.1 | 4 | 4 | -- | -- | 0 | E | 2008A&A...481..401A | gamma | 269.71700000 | -24.05200000 | 1 | J1758.8-2402 | 1 | 269.705 | -24.037 | 0.077 | 0.071 | -34 | 5.3 | 2.3 | 25.6 | 1.99 | PL | 5 | 2FGL J1758.8-2402c | Simbad | J1758.8-2402 | LC | 0.00 | 2.91 | 0.88 | 0.46 | 1.42 | 0.92 | 8.10 | 1.95 | 1.49 | 0.66 | 0.018584855663023432 | |||||
| HESS J1800-240 | 18 00 37 | -23 59.8 | 4 | 4 | -- | -- | 0 | E | 2008A&A...481..401A | gamma | 270.15400000 | -23.99700000 | 1 | J1800.8-2402 | 2 | 270.222 | -24.035 | 0.035 | 0.034 | -3 | 17.5 | 10.3 | 73.3 | 2.12 | LP | 2FGL J1800.8-2400 | E | Simbad | J1800.8-2402 | LC | 5.73 | 3.09 | 3.21 | 0.52 | 7.57 | 0.85 | 22.41 | 2.36 | 2.81 | 0.73 | 0.07280389881752108 | |||||
| SNR G006.4-00.1 | 18 00 31.2011 | -23 25 48.001 | 11 | 11 | -- | -- | 0 | E | 2022ApJS..260...53A | SNRemnant | 270.13000488 | -23.43000031 | 1 | J1801.3-2326e | 6 | 270.340 | -23.440 | -- | -- | -- | 62.7 | 53.5 | 415.5 | 2.15 | LP | T | 0FGL J1801.6-2327 | E | SNR | W28 | Simbad | J1801.3-2326e | LC | 29.34 | 3.17 | 16.85 | 0.54 | 42.68 | 1.21 | 86.33 | 3.79 | 10.86 | 1.34 | 0.19292901002748447 | ||
| 1AGLR J1807-2103 | 18 03 52.1 | -21 10 54 | 5 | 5 | 981194.000 | 981194.000 | 90 | E | G | 2020ApJ...905...76A | gamma | 270.96700000 | -21.18180000 | 1 | J1805.6-2136e | 5 | 271.408 | -21.612 | -- | -- | -- | 33.2 | 24.2 | 204.4 | 2.07 | LP | T | 0FGL J1805.3-2138 | E | SNR | W30 | Simbad | J1805.6-2136e | LC | 11.46 | 2.07 | 6.30 | 0.47 | 19.21 | 1.01 | 49.14 | 3.26 | 11.24 | 1.31 | 0.5946919973852035 | |
| Fermi J1808.2-2029 | 18 08 00.0 | -20 24 00 | 5 | 5 | -- | -- | 0 | D | 2013ApJ...774...74F | gamma | 272.00000000 | -20.40000000 | 1 | J1809.2-2016c | 1 | 272.324 | -20.282 | 0.056 | 0.046 | 17 | 5.4 | 2.6 | 32.1 | 2.33 | PL | 4 | Simbad | J1809.2-2016c | LC | 9.26 | 3.32 | 2.29 | 0.48 | 2.79 | 0.77 | 4.84 | 1.67 | 0.81 | 0.45 | 0.32591211797204006 | ||||||
| HESS J1809-193 | 18 10 31 | -19 18.0 | 4 | 4 | -- | -- | 0 | E | 2007A&A...472..489A | gamma | 272.62900000 | -19.30000000 | 1 | J1810.1-1910 | 1 | 272.545 | -19.168 | 0.108 | 0.086 | 42 | 5.1 | 2.1 | 23.7 | 2.10 | PL | 3,5 | E | spp | Simbad | J1810.1-1910 | LC | 0.02 | 2.46 | 1.99 | 0.37 | 1.69 | 0.71 | 5.53 | 1.65 | 1.21 | 0.55 | 0.1539896283917415 | ||||
| HESS J1813-126 | 18 13 21.66 | -12 41 13.6 | 6 | 6 | -- | -- | 0 | D | 2017ApJ...843...40A | gamma | 273.34025000 | -12.68711000 | 1 | J1813.4-1246 | 3 | 273.350 | -12.770 | 0.016 | 0.015 | 44 | 76.2 | 27.3 | 265.4 | 2.40 | EC | 2FGL J1813.4-1246 | PSR | LAT PSR J1813-1246 | Simbad | J1813.4-1246 | LC | 32.11 | 1.55 | 11.61 | 0.30 | 23.74 | 0.67 | 30.91 | 1.92 | 0.86 | 0.38 | 0.08343467466402162 | ||||
| NAME AGPS 273.4-17.8 | 18 13 35.05 | -17 49 58.1 | 6 | 6 | 1000.000 | 1000.000 | 90 | C | X | 2012ApJ...756...27L | SNRemnant | 273.39604000 | -17.83281000 | 1 | J1814.0-1757c | 1 | 273.514 | -17.961 | 0.097 | 0.061 | -86 | 5.4 | 2.8 | 31.3 | 2.18 | PL | 6 | 1AGL J1815-1732 | Simbad | J1814.0-1757c | LC | 0.00 | 3.24 | 1.11 | 0.60 | 2.78 | 0.83 | 7.37 | 1.85 | 0.31 | 0.49 | 0.1703954057905834 | ||||
| HESS J1818-154 | 18 16.1 | -15 12 | 3 | 3 | -- | -- | 0 | E | 2013ApJ...773...77A | gamma | 274.02000000 | -15.20000000 | 1 | J1818.7-1528 | 1 | 274.696 | -15.470 | 0.092 | 0.069 | 65 | 13.3 | 7.5 | 65.2 | 2.42 | LP | T | 7 | spp | Simbad | J1818.7-1528 | LC | 4.61 | 2.18 | 3.40 | 0.53 | 6.12 | 0.82 | 7.84 | 1.81 | 0.69 | 0.44 | 0.7056422850083076 | ||||
| PSR B1823-13 | 18 26 13.06 | -13 34 48.1 | 6 | 6 | 800.000 | 800.000 | 90 | C | X | 2012ApJ...756...27L | Pulsar | 276.55441000 | -13.58004000 | 1 | J1824.5-1351e | 4 | 276.130 | -13.852 | -- | -- | -- | 16.8 | 7.8 | 161.2 | 1.59 | LP | 1FGL J1825.7-1410c | E | PWN | HESS J1825-137 | Simbad | J1824.5-1351e | LC | 0.03 | 2.26 | 0.01 | 0.36 | 1.07 | 1.22 | 32.40 | 5.01 | 24.38 | 2.51 | 0.49391805741813904 | ||
| PSR J1826-1256 | 18 26 08.570 | -12 56 33.53 | 7 | 7 | 3050.000 | 627.000 | 0 | D | R | 2015ApJ...814..128K | Pulsar | 276.53570800 | -12.94264700 | 1 | J1826.1-1256 | 5 | 276.538 | -12.943 | 0.013 | 0.012 | 89 | 76.3 | 53.4 | 414.7 | 2.26 | EC | 2FGL J1826.1-1256 | PSR | LAT PSR J1826-1256 | Simbad | J1826.1-1256 | LC | 34.31 | 2.01 | 17.10 | 0.45 | 45.27 | 1.07 | 75.06 | 3.26 | 1.91 | 0.61 | 0.002256034259107956 | |||
| V* V479 Sct | 18 26 15.0561 | -14 50 54.247 | 14 | 14 | 0.013 | 0.011 | 90 | A | O | 2020yCat.1350....0G | HighMassXBin | 276.56273398 | -14.84840202 | 1 | J1826.2-1450 | 4 | 276.568 | -14.847 | 0.019 | 0.018 | 2 | 35.1 | 19.1 | 280.7 | 2.57 | LP | 1FHL J1826.2-1450 | P | HMB | LS 5039 | Simbad | J1826.2-1450 | LC | 46.40 | 2.83 | 11.01 | 0.49 | 18.28 | 0.94 | 19.55 | 2.13 | 2.24 | 0.62 | 0.005273025783382512 | ||
| SNR G021.5-00.9 | 18 33 33.612 | -10 34 07.69 | 7 | 7 | 3200.000 | 702.000 | 0 | D | R | 2015ApJ...814..128K | SNRemnant | 278.39005000 | -10.56880300 | 1 | J1833.5-1033 | 2 | 278.394 | -10.560 | 0.035 | 0.030 | -40 | 16.9 | 6.0 | 79.2 | 2.39 | PL | 2FGL J1833.6-1032 | PSR | PSR J1833-1034 | Simbad | J1833.5-1033 | LC | 14.74 | 2.12 | 2.57 | 0.32 | 6.46 | 0.63 | 10.24 | 1.67 | 1.45 | 0.53 | 0.009626070016564436 | |||
| SNR G023.3-00.3 | 18 34 51.80 | -08 44 38.2 | 6 | 6 | -- | -- | 0 | D | 2006ApJ...651..190L | SNRemnant | 278.71583000 | -8.74394000 | 1 | J1834.5-0841 | 3 | 278.629 | -8.684 | 0.030 | 0.025 | 32 | 13.9 | 6.3 | 71.1 | 2.17 | PL | 3 | 0FGL J1834.4-0841 | E | snr | W 41 | Simbad | J1834.5-0841 | LC | 2.94 | 2.54 | 1.75 | 0.36 | 5.02 | 0.78 | 15.95 | 2.29 | 2.92 | 0.75 | 0.10468770412857564 | ||
| PSR J1838-0655 | 18 38 03.13 | -06 55 33.4 | 6 | 6 | -- | -- | 0 | D | 2008ApJ...681..515G | Pulsar | 279.51304000 | -6.92594000 | 1 | J1838.9-0646 | 1 | 279.728 | -6.776 | 0.078 | 0.059 | -66 | 7.1 | 2.6 | 30.0 | 1.92 | PL | Simbad | J1838.9-0646 | LC | 0.00 | 3.78 | 0.02 | 0.46 | 2.41 | 0.70 | 8.38 | 1.82 | 1.64 | 0.63 | 0.26082720872953696 | |||||||
| ARGO J1839-0627 | 18 40 55.0 | -05 33 00 | 5 | 5 | -- | -- | 0 | D | 2008A&A...477..353A | Pulsar | 280.22920000 | -5.55000000 | 1 | J1840.9-0532e | 1 | 280.230 | -5.550 | -- | -- | -- | 16.8 | 11.8 | 145.8 | 1.81 | PL | T | E | PWN | HESS J1841-055 | Simbad | J1840.9-0532e | LC | 0.52 | 4.48 | 1.08 | 0.66 | 8.56 | 1.27 | 32.37 | 4.15 | 10.87 | 1.75 | 0.0008071845947890818 | |||
| ARGO J1841-0332 | 18 43 56.6 | -03 28 16 | 5 | 5 | 208540.000 | 208540.000 | 90 | E | G | 2020ApJ...905...76A | gamma | 280.98600000 | -3.47120000 | 1 | J1843.7-0322 | 1 | 280.928 | -3.377 | 0.085 | 0.077 | -25 | 13.1 | 8.1 | 94.0 | 2.48 | LP | Simbad | J1843.7-0322 | LC | 11.72 | 1.82 | 4.55 | 0.45 | 6.54 | 0.86 | 6.24 | 1.86 | 0.00 | 0.39 | 0.11056482992371776 | ||||||
| HESS J1848-018 | 18 47 48.72 | -01 45 12.5 | 6 | 6 | 311859.000 | 311859.000 | 90 | E | G | 2020ApJ...905...76A | gamma | 281.95300000 | -1.75346000 | 1 | J1848.4-0141 | 3 | 282.118 | -1.693 | 0.081 | 0.057 | 20 | 18.7 | 12.9 | 114.6 | 2.36 | LP | 3 | 2FGL J1848.2-0139c | E | Simbad | J1848.4-0141 | LC | 10.79 | 3.66 | 5.48 | 0.63 | 8.07 | 0.95 | 14.14 | 2.31 | 0.45 | 0.43 | 0.17566892486519234 | |||
| PSR J1849-0001 | 18 49 01.83 | -00 01 19.1 | 6 | 6 | 120.000 | 110.000 | 87 | C | I | 2003yCat.2246....0C | Pulsar | 282.25762000 | -0.02197000 | 1 | J1850.5-0024 | 2 | 282.632 | -0.405 | 0.055 | 0.044 | 6 | 9.4 | 4.3 | 57.6 | 2.42 | PL | 4,5 | 2FGL J1850.7-0014c | Simbad | J1850.5-0024 | LC | 6.29 | 4.46 | 2.76 | 0.48 | 3.34 | 0.66 | 5.81 | 1.56 | 0.85 | 0.43 | 0.535594343756059 | ||||
| HESS J1852-000 | 18 52 | +00.0 | 2 | 2 | -- | -- | 0 | E | 2011ApJ...743....4Z | gamma | 283.00000000 | 0.00000000 | 1 | J1853.2+0006 | 1 | 283.301 | 0.109 | 0.147 | 0.079 | -30 | 12.2 | 5.4 | 53.2 | 2.45 | LP | 3,4 | 1FGL J1853.1+0032c | psr | PSR J1853-0004 | Simbad | J1853.2p0006 | LC | 7.69 | 2.73 | 2.26 | 0.37 | 3.49 | 0.63 | 3.25 | 1.41 | 0.77 | 0.39 | 0.3201230988434265 | |||
| HESS J1854+013 | 18 54 | +01.3 | 2 | 2 | -- | -- | 0 | E | G | 2021ApJ...917....6A | gamma | 283.50000000 | 1.30000000 | 1 | J1855.9+0121e | 6 | 283.990 | 1.355 | -- | -- | -- | 68.3 | 70.7 | 535.7 | 2.20 | LP | T | 0FGL J1855.9+0126 | SNR | W44 | Simbad | J1855.9p0121e | LC | 27.02 | 7.22 | 20.68 | 0.84 | 57.02 | 1.45 | 102.68 | 4.06 | 7.84 | 1.13 | 0.49293665293776606 | ||
| HESS J1858+020 | 18 58 20.0 | +02 05 24 | 5 | 5 | -- | -- | 0 | D | 2008A&A...477..353A | gamma | 284.58330000 | 2.09000000 | 1 | J1857.9+0210 | 2 | 284.490 | 2.170 | 0.060 | 0.058 | 13 | 15.2 | 8.2 | 68.0 | 2.36 | LP | 3,4 | 2FGL J1857.6+0211 | E | Simbad | J1857.9p0210 | LC | 10.14 | 3.58 | 2.34 | 0.46 | 5.84 | 0.71 | 9.60 | 1.72 | 0.50 | 0.44 | 0.12286043195785046 | ||||
| HAWC J1907+085 | 19 07.2 | +08 34 | 3 | 3 | -- | -- | 0 | E | G | 2021ApJ...917....6A | gamma | 286.79000000 | 8.57000000 | 1 | J1904.9+0818 | 1 | 286.243 | 8.306 | 0.107 | 0.079 | 23 | 4.7 | 1.4 | 17.0 | 2.30 | PL | 4,5 | Simbad | J1904.9p0818 | LC | 0.07 | 2.00 | 1.33 | 0.29 | 0.29 | 0.40 | 1.95 | 0.93 | 0.76 | 0.37 | 0.6020375632968104 | |||||
| ARGO J1907+0627 | 19 08 12.24 | +06 23 30.8 | 6 | 6 | 208416.000 | 208416.000 | 90 | E | G | 2020ApJ...905...76A | gamma | 287.05100000 | 6.39188000 | 1 | J1907.9+0602 | 4 | 286.986 | 6.039 | 0.013 | 0.013 | -46 | 84.0 | 38.4 | 319.1 | 2.24 | EC | 1FHL J1907.7+0600 | E | PSR | LAT PSR J1907+0602 | Simbad | J1907.9p0602 | LC | 30.88 | 1.76 | 12.22 | 0.32 | 31.16 | 0.80 | 60.89 | 2.65 | 3.08 | 0.62 | 0.35874848502120615 | ||
| ARGO J1912+1026 | 19 12 14.9 | +10 21 06 | 5 | 5 | 306640.000 | 306640.000 | 90 | E | G | 2020ApJ...905...76A | gamma | 288.06200000 | 10.35160000 | 1 | J1908.9+1022 | 1 | 287.228 | 10.375 | 0.126 | 0.096 | -82 | 6.4 | 1.7 | 27.2 | 2.59 | PL | 3,4 | Simbad | J1908.9p1022 | LC | 3.88 | 1.57 | 1.05 | 0.24 | 1.57 | 0.43 | 1.10 | 0.88 | 0.37 | 0.30 | 0.8207313998263459 | |||||
| W 49b | 19 11 09.000 | +09 06 24.00 | 7 | 7 | -- | -- | 0 | D | 2015ApJS..217....2M | SNRemnant | 287.78750000 | 9.10666700 | 1 | J1910.9+0906 | 4 | 287.744 | 9.101 | 0.017 | 0.016 | -80 | 41.8 | 20.3 | 183.5 | 2.18 | LP | 1FHL J1911.0+0905 | snr | W 49B | Simbad | J1910.9p0906 | LC | 17.51 | 1.84 | 5.99 | 0.42 | 13.30 | 0.74 | 43.12 | 2.45 | 7.33 | 0.92 | 0.04333592910904275 | ||||
| HESS J1915+115 | 19 15 | +11.5 | 2 | 2 | -- | -- | 0 | E | G | 2021ApJ...917....6A | gamma | 288.80000000 | 11.50000000 | 1 | J1915.9+1112 | 2 | 289.000 | 11.216 | 0.147 | 0.120 | 2 | 10.7 | 3.8 | 38.2 | 2.41 | LP | 3,4 | 2FGL J1916.1+1106 | spp | Simbad | J1915.9p1112 | LC | 6.28 | 1.22 | 1.81 | 0.27 | 3.05 | 0.58 | 4.21 | 1.42 | 0.00 | 0.34 | 0.34511568175831536 | |||
| HESS J1923+141 | 19 23.0 | +14 06 | 3 | 3 | -- | -- | 0 | E | 2010ApJ...709L...6A | gamma | 290.75000000 | 14.10000000 | 1 | J1923.2+1408e | 5 | 290.818 | 14.145 | -- | -- | -- | 75.0 | 39.6 | 345.8 | 2.15 | LP | 0FGL J1923.0+1411 | E | SNR | W51C | Simbad | J1923.2p1408e | LC | 25.15 | 2.24 | 11.35 | 0.35 | 29.47 | 0.82 | 76.45 | 3.00 | 16.42 | 1.27 | 0.07983070024905828 | |||
| SNR G054.1+00.3 | 19 30 10.6 | +18 50 22 | 5 | 5 | 314633.000 | 314633.000 | 90 | E | G | 2020ApJ...905...76A | SNRemnant | 292.54400000 | 18.83940000 | 1 | J1928.4+1838 | 1 | 292.113 | 18.634 | 0.175 | 0.131 | -23 | 5.8 | 1.6 | 21.9 | 2.42 | PL | 1,4,5 | Simbad | J1928.4p1838 | LC | 0.27 | 1.95 | 0.99 | 0.26 | 1.26 | 0.39 | 1.65 | 0.93 | 0.64 | 0.37 | 0.4569211730658385 | |||||
| HAWC J1928+178 | 19 28.4 | +17 49 | 3 | 3 | -- | -- | 0 | E | G | 2021ApJ...917....6A | gamma | 292.10000000 | 17.82000000 | 1 | J1928.9+1739 | 3 | 292.237 | 17.657 | 0.080 | 0.058 | -5 | 8.5 | 3.5 | 25.0 | 2.32 | LP | 3,4 | 2FGL J1928.8+1740c | Simbad | J1928.9p1739 | LC | 3.54 | 1.61 | 1.07 | 0.27 | 2.14 | 0.49 | 4.38 | 1.24 | 0.21 | 0.28 | 0.20879630393332074 | ||||
| QSO B2005-489 | 20 09 25.3903 | -48 49 53.725 | 14 | 14 | 0.026 | 0.020 | 90 | A | O | 2020yCat.1350....0G | BLLac | 302.35579329 | -48.83159029 | 1 | J2009.3-4849 | 4 | 302.349 | -48.828 | 0.018 | 0.018 | -33 | 40.3 | 3.6 | 44.9 | 1.77 | PL | T | 1FHL J2009.4-4849 | P | BLL | PKS 2005-489 | Simbad | J2009.3-4849 | LC | 1.17 | 0.25 | 0.52 | 0.05 | 2.09 | 0.17 | 10.15 | 0.93 | 4.75 | 0.63 | 0.005735961234812638 | |
| QSO B2155-304 | 21 58 52.0652 | -30 13 32.118 | 14 | 14 | 0.017 | 0.014 | 90 | A | O | 2020yCat.1350....0G | BLLac | 329.71693844 | -30.22558846 | 1 | J2158.8-3013 | 6 | 329.720 | -30.227 | 0.009 | 0.009 | -87 | 142.1 | 21.7 | 230.5 | 1.83 | LP | T | 1FHL J2158.8-3013 | P | bll | PKS 2155-304 | Simbad | J2158.8-3013 | LC | 6.47 | 0.45 | 3.62 | 0.09 | 13.42 | 0.36 | 57.34 | 2.10 | 23.98 | 1.35 | 0.002998369565210434 | |
| QSO B2356-309 | 23 59 07.9034 | -30 37 40.671 | 14 | 14 | 0.094 | 0.072 | 90 | A | O | 2020yCat.1350....0G | BLLac | 359.78293125 | -30.62796419 | 1 | J2359.3-3038 | 3 | 359.829 | -30.646 | 0.054 | 0.051 | -7 | 11.1 | 0.6 | 6.6 | 2.02 | PL | 1FHL J2359.2-3037 | P | bll | H 2356-309 | Simbad | J2359.3-3038 | LC | 0.77 | 0.28 | 0.12 | 0.04 | 0.44 | 0.10 | 1.27 | 0.40 | 0.56 | 0.25 | 0.04355625621824756 |
f"There are {len(hess_simbad_fermi)} FERMI-HESS-Simbad matches"
'There are 73 FERMI-HESS-Simbad matches'
Some of these associations are of known nature.
Let’s query the ViZier catalog J/ApJ/810/14 : Third catalog of LAT-detected AGNs (3LAC) (Ackermann+, 2015). It lists 3LAC sources classified as AGNS. Let’s have a look at the catalog in question:
Vizier.ROW_LIMIT = -1
catalog = Vizier.get_catalogs("J/ApJ/810/14")
for tab in catalog:
print(tab.meta["name"], ": ", tab.meta["description"])
J/ApJ/810/14/highlat : High latitude (|b|>10deg) 3LAC full sample and fluxes
J/ApJ/810/14/lowlat : Low latitude (|b|<10deg) sample and fluxes
J/ApJ/810/14/table7 : Sources from earlier FGL catalogs missing in 3LAC
J/ApJ/810/14/table10 : Properties of the 3FGL very-high-energy (VHE) AGNs
J/ApJ/810/14/table2 : *List of ATCA blazar candidates
Table J/ApJ/810/14/table10 lists the properties of very-high-energy ANGs. Let’s have a look at that table:
table10 = catalog[3]
table10
Table length=55
| _3FGL | LL | VHE | SpCl | SEDCl | z | alpha | e_alpha | Var |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| str12 | str1 | str21 | str6 | str3 | float32 | float32 | float32 | float64 |
| J0013.9-1853 | SHBL J001355.9-185406 | bll | HSP | 0.094 | 1.935 | 0.167 | 36.46 | |
| J0033.6-1921 | KUV 00311-1938 | bll | HSP | 0.610 | 1.715 | 0.035 | 64.62 | |
| J0035.9+5949 | L | 1ES J0033+595 | bll | HSP | -- | 1.898 | 0.042 | 69.55 |
| J0136.5+3905 | RGB J0136+391 | bll | HSP | -- | 1.696 | 0.025 | 62.30 | |
| J0152.6+0148 | RGB J0152+017 | bll | HSP | 0.080 | 1.887 | 0.103 | 51.76 | |
| J0222.6+4301 | 3C 66A | bll | ISP | 0.444 | 1.880 | 0.017 | 885.04 | |
| J0232.8+2016 | 1ES 0229+200 | bll | HSP | 0.139 | 2.025 | 0.150 | 49.16 | |
| J0303.4-2407 | PKS 0301-243 | bll | HSP | 0.260 | 1.918 | 0.022 | 676.85 | |
| J0316.6+4119 | IC 310 | rdg | HSP | 0.019 | 1.902 | 0.143 | 38.74 | |
| J0319.8+1847 | RBS 0413 | bll | HSP | 0.190 | 1.572 | 0.102 | 76.33 | |
| J0319.8+4130 | NGC 1275 | rdg | ISP | 0.018 | 1.985 | 0.014 | 622.21 | |
| J0349.2-1158 | 1ES 0347-121 | bll | HSP | -- | 1.734 | 0.156 | 44.26 | |
| J0416.8+0104 | 1ES 0414+009 | bll | HSP | 0.287 | 1.745 | 0.114 | 55.85 | |
| J0449.4-4350 | PKS 0447-439 | bll | HSP | 0.205 | 1.849 | 0.015 | 230.17 | |
| J0508.0+6736 | 1ES 0502+675 | bll | HSP | 0.340 | 1.523 | 0.040 | 77.94 | |
| J0521.7+2113 | L | VER J0521+211 | bll | ISP | 0.108 | 1.923 | 0.024 | 239.79 |
| J0550.6-3217 | PKS 0548-322 | bll | HSP | 0.069 | 1.615 | 0.164 | 48.44 | |
| J0648.9+1516 | L | VER J0648+152 | bll | HSP | 0.179 | 1.831 | 0.071 | 36.04 |
| J0650.7+2503 | 1ES 0647+250 | bll | HSP | 0.203 | 1.721 | 0.047 | 63.85 | |
| J0710.3+5908 | RGB J0710+591 | bll | HSP | 0.125 | 1.661 | 0.094 | 55.54 | |
| J0721.9+7120 | S5 0716+714 | bll | ISP | 0.127 | 1.948 | 0.012 | 1818.04 | |
| J0809.8+5218 | 1ES 0806+524 | bll | HSP | 0.138 | 1.876 | 0.024 | 485.15 | |
| J0847.1+1134 | RX J0847.1+1133 | bll | HSP | 0.199 | 1.740 | 0.115 | 44.90 | |
| J1010.2-3120 | 1RXS J101015.9-311909 | bll | HSP | 0.143 | 1.576 | 0.100 | 86.30 | |
| J1015.0+4925 | 1ES 1011+496 | bll | HSP | 0.212 | 1.833 | 0.017 | 110.46 | |
| J1103.5-2329 | 1ES 1101-232 | bll | HSP | 0.186 | 1.645 | 0.145 | 36.51 | |
| J1104.4+3812 | Markarian 421 | bll | HSP | 0.031 | 1.772 | 0.008 | 755.10 | |
| J1136.6+7009 | Markarian 180 | bll | HSP | 0.045 | 1.824 | 0.047 | 43.04 | |
| J1217.8+3007 | 1ES 1215+303 | bll | HSP | 0.130 | 1.974 | 0.023 | 206.36 | |
| J1221.3+3010 | 1ES 1218+304 | bll | HSP | 0.182 | 1.660 | 0.038 | 92.45 | |
| J1221.4+2814 | W Comae | bll | ISP | 0.103 | 2.102 | 0.027 | 204.24 | |
| J1224.5+2436 | MS 1221.8+2452 | bll | HSP | 0.218 | 1.887 | 0.094 | 54.19 | |
| J1224.9+2122 | 4C +21.35 | fsrq | LSP | 0.435 | 2.185 | 0.012 | 18067.45 | |
| J1230.9+1224 | M 87 | rdg | LSP | 0.004 | 2.040 | 0.066 | 54.28 | |
| J1256.1-0547 | 3C 279 | fsrq | LSP | 0.536 | 2.233 | 0.014 | 4198.44 | |
| J1314.7-4237 | 1ES 1312-423 | bll | HSP | -- | 2.082 | 0.214 | 45.02 | |
| J1325.4-4301 | Centaurus A | rdg | - | 0.002 | 2.703 | 0.029 | 59.33 | |
| J1427.0+2347 | PKS 1424+240 | bll | ISP | -- | 1.760 | 0.022 | 210.25 | |
| J1428.5+4240 | H 1426+428 | bll | HSP | 0.129 | 1.575 | 0.085 | 59.46 | |
| J1442.8+1200 | 1ES 1440+122 | bll | HSP | 0.163 | 1.796 | 0.117 | 50.46 | |
| J1512.8-0906 | PKS 1510-089 | fsrq | LSP | 0.360 | 2.305 | 0.009 | 11014.00 | |
| J1517.6-2422 | AP Lib | bll | LSP | 0.048 | 2.112 | 0.026 | 60.31 | |
| J1555.7+1111 | PG 1553+113 | bll | HSP | -- | 1.604 | 0.025 | 123.55 | |
| J1653.9+3945 | Markarian 501 | bll | HSP | 0.034 | 1.716 | 0.016 | 251.47 | |
| J1725.0+1152 | 1H 1720+117 | bll | HSP | -- | 1.885 | 0.045 | 79.88 | |
| J1728.3+5013 | 1ES 1727+502 | bll | HSP | 0.055 | 1.960 | 0.065 | 54.08 | |
| J1743.9+1934 | 1ES 1741+196 | bll | HSP | 0.084 | 1.777 | 0.108 | 38.27 | |
| J2000.0+6509 | 1ES 1959+650 | bll | HSP | 0.047 | 1.883 | 0.022 | 158.37 | |
| J2001.1+4352 | L | MAGIC J2001+435 | bll | ISP | -- | 1.971 | 0.022 | 341.11 |
| J2009.3-4849 | PKS 2005-489 | bll | - | 0.071 | 1.773 | 0.031 | 131.06 | |
| J2158.8-3013 | PKS 2155-304 | bll | HSP | 0.116 | 1.750 | 0.018 | 618.50 | |
| J2202.7+4217 | BL Lacertae | bll | ISP | 0.069 | 2.161 | 0.017 | 2340.22 | |
| J2250.1+3825 | B3 2247+381 | bll | HSP | 0.119 | 1.912 | 0.074 | 52.42 | |
| J2347.0+5142 | L | 1ES 2344+514 | bll | HSP | 0.044 | 1.782 | 0.039 | 100.97 |
| J2359.3-3038 | H 2356-309 | bll | HSP | 0.165 | 2.022 | 0.115 | 40.97 |
There are no coordinates, only names are given in column _3FGL. Let’s see how many of these AGNs are within our table of matches hess_simbad_fermi:
hess_simbad_fermi_AGN = join(
hess_simbad_fermi,
table10,
keys="_3FGL",
join_type="inner",
metadata_conflicts="silent",
)
print("Number of matches :", len(hess_simbad_fermi_AGN))
hess_simbad_fermi_AGN
Number of matches : 5
Table length=5
| MAIN_ID | RA | DEC | RA_PREC | DEC_PREC | COO_ERR_MAJA | COO_ERR_MINA | COO_ERR_ANGLE | COO_QUAL | COO_WAVELENGTH | COO_BIBCODE | OTYPE | RA_d | DEC_d | SCRIPT_NUMBER_ID | _3FGL | Na | RAJ2000 | DEJ2000 | amaj | amin | phi | Sig | F35 | S25 | Gamma | Mod | Var_1 | Flag | Assoc | TeV | Class | ID | Simbad | File | LC | F1 | E_F1 | F2 | E_F2 | F3 | E_F3 | F4 | E_F4 | F5 | E_F5 | Ang_Sep | LL | VHE | SpCl | SEDCl | z | alpha | e_alpha | Var_2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| "h:m:s" | "d:m:s" | mas | mas | deg | deg | deg | deg | deg | deg | deg | deg | 1e-05 / (s m2) | fW / m2 | 0.0001 / (s m2) | 0.0001 / (s m2) | 0.0001 / (s m2) | 0.0001 / (s m2) | 1e-05 / (s m2) | 1e-05 / (s m2) | 1e-06 / (s m2) | 1e-06 / (s m2) | 1e-06 / (s m2) | 1e-06 / (s m2) | deg | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| object | str13 | str13 | int16 | int16 | float32 | float32 | int16 | str1 | str1 | object | object | float64 | float64 | int32 | str13 | int16 | float32 | float32 | float32 | float32 | int16 | float32 | float32 | float32 | float32 | str2 | str1 | str12 | str18 | str1 | str5 | str26 | str6 | str13 | str2 | float32 | float32 | float32 | float32 | float32 | float32 | float32 | float32 | float32 | float32 | float64 | str1 | str21 | str6 | str3 | float32 | float32 | float32 | float64 |
| HESS J0232+202 | 02 32 53.2 | +20 16 21 | 5 | 5 | -- | -- | 0 | D | 2007A&A...475L...9A | gamma | 38.22170000 | 20.27250000 | 1 | J0232.8+2016 | 1 | 38.219 | 20.271 | 0.055 | 0.047 | -4 | 7.2 | 0.4 | 4.9 | 2.03 | PL | P | bll | 1ES 0229+200 | Simbad | J0232.8p2016 | LC | 0.23 | 0.29 | 0.18 | 0.05 | 0.25 | 0.11 | 0.46 | 0.31 | 0.42 | 0.22 | 0.0029425561444406073 | 1ES 0229+200 | bll | HSP | 0.139 | 2.025 | 0.150 | 49.16 | |||||
| Mrk 421 | 11 04 27.3140 | +38 12 31.798 | 14 | 14 | 0.012 | 0.015 | 90 | A | O | 2020yCat.1350....0G | BLLac | 166.11380868 | 38.20883292 | 1 | J1104.4+3812 | 7 | 166.118 | 38.210 | 0.007 | 0.007 | -12 | 190.3 | 30.3 | 383.0 | 1.77 | PL | T | 1FHL J1104.4+3812 | P | BLL | Mkn 421 | Simbad | J1104.4p3812 | LC | 10.19 | 0.30 | 4.80 | 0.09 | 17.98 | 0.39 | 82.34 | 2.40 | 42.61 | 1.71 | 0.003490934012772948 | Markarian 421 | bll | HSP | 0.031 | 1.772 | 0.008 | 755.10 | ||
| QSO B2005-489 | 20 09 25.3903 | -48 49 53.725 | 14 | 14 | 0.026 | 0.020 | 90 | A | O | 2020yCat.1350....0G | BLLac | 302.35579329 | -48.83159029 | 1 | J2009.3-4849 | 4 | 302.349 | -48.828 | 0.018 | 0.018 | -33 | 40.3 | 3.6 | 44.9 | 1.77 | PL | T | 1FHL J2009.4-4849 | P | BLL | PKS 2005-489 | Simbad | J2009.3-4849 | LC | 1.17 | 0.25 | 0.52 | 0.05 | 2.09 | 0.17 | 10.15 | 0.93 | 4.75 | 0.63 | 0.005735961234812638 | PKS 2005-489 | bll | - | 0.071 | 1.773 | 0.031 | 131.06 | ||
| QSO B2155-304 | 21 58 52.0652 | -30 13 32.118 | 14 | 14 | 0.017 | 0.014 | 90 | A | O | 2020yCat.1350....0G | BLLac | 329.71693844 | -30.22558846 | 1 | J2158.8-3013 | 6 | 329.720 | -30.227 | 0.009 | 0.009 | -87 | 142.1 | 21.7 | 230.5 | 1.83 | LP | T | 1FHL J2158.8-3013 | P | bll | PKS 2155-304 | Simbad | J2158.8-3013 | LC | 6.47 | 0.45 | 3.62 | 0.09 | 13.42 | 0.36 | 57.34 | 2.10 | 23.98 | 1.35 | 0.002998369565210434 | PKS 2155-304 | bll | HSP | 0.116 | 1.750 | 0.018 | 618.50 | ||
| QSO B2356-309 | 23 59 07.9034 | -30 37 40.671 | 14 | 14 | 0.094 | 0.072 | 90 | A | O | 2020yCat.1350....0G | BLLac | 359.78293125 | -30.62796419 | 1 | J2359.3-3038 | 3 | 359.829 | -30.646 | 0.054 | 0.051 | -7 | 11.1 | 0.6 | 6.6 | 2.02 | PL | 1FHL J2359.2-3037 | P | bll | H 2356-309 | Simbad | J2359.3-3038 | LC | 0.77 | 0.28 | 0.12 | 0.04 | 0.44 | 0.10 | 1.27 | 0.40 | 0.56 | 0.25 | 0.04355625621824756 | H 2356-309 | bll | HSP | 0.165 | 2.022 | 0.115 | 40.97 |
There are a few AGNs ! Let’s have a look at their properties and see how they compare with the rest of the population.
Step #4 - Searchig for relative locations in a “high-energy color-color diagram”#
How to trace various object properties of a given catalogue against each other and to point out specific sub-samples in the resulting plot.
The next goal is to look for correlations between different high-energy gamma-ray colors of the HESS sources that are also detected by Fermi. In stellar astronomy, tracing optical colors against each other gives a rather robust classification of different star types without having to do (more ambitious) spectroscopy. In the HESS-FERMI catalogue there is not much spectroscopic information available, but the different fluxes in F1—F5 coming from the 3FGL part can be used to eventually discriminate different sub-samples of the catalogue. Since a color is basically an observed flux ratio between two bands, constructing a color-color diagram has the great advantage to be independent of the distance to the objects.
The “color-color” diagram to be computed involves the following high-energy gamma-ray fluxes as measured by Fermi-LAT:
F1: flux over 100 – 300 MeV
F2: flux over 300 - 1000 MeV
F3: flux over 1 - 3 GeV
F4: flux over 3 - 10 GeV
F5: flux over 10 - 100 GeV
Merge all the tables in one, but keeping their origin by adding a column with name Source. Add a column for the object type TYPE.
# Create a column with name Source to know which will contain types as "All" for FERMI,
FERMI["Source"] = "FGL3"
hess_simbad_fermi["Source"] = "HESS-Simbad-3FGL"
hess_simbad_fermi_AGN["Source"] = "AGNs-3LAC"
# Create a column with name TYPE which will contain types as "All" for FERMI,
# Have to change to str since OTYPE is of object type
FERMI["TYPE"] = "ALL"
hess_simbad_fermi["TYPE"] = hess_simbad_fermi["OTYPE"].astype(str)
hess_simbad_fermi_AGN["TYPE"] = "AGN"
# Merge the tables vertically using vstack
Data = vstack(
[FERMI, hess_simbad_fermi, hess_simbad_fermi_AGN],
metadata_conflicts="silent",
)
# Create two new columns with the flux ratios
Data["F2_F1"] = Data["F2"] / Data["F1"]
Data["F4_F3"] = Data["F4"] / Data["F3"]
Save the file into for instance csv format and into a Panda kind of table to be able to use Plotly
# Write Table to csv format and to panda format
Data.write("Data" / Path("Data_FERMI-HESS-SIMBAD-AGN.csv"), overwrite=True)
Data = Data.to_pandas()
And now lets plot using Plotly:
Flux ratios F2/F1 vs F4/F3
In a log. scale
Color coded according to the Source
Using fancy markers
Adding a legend
fig = px.scatter(
Data,
x="F2_F1",
y="F4_F3",
log_x=True,
log_y=True,
color="Source",
hover_name="TYPE",
)
fig.update_traces(
marker={"size": 12, "line": {"width": 2, "color": "DarkSlateGrey"}},
selector={"mode": "markers"},
)
fig.show()